AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES
Agronomy
УДК 632.938.1
DOI 10/36461/NP.2021.60.3.008
BREEDING WINTER WHEAT FOR RESISTANCE TO BROWN RUST
I.R. Manukyan, PhD in Biological Sciences;
N.N. Doguzova, postgraduate student; T.S. Abieva, PhD in Biological Sciences
North Caucasian Research Institute of Mining and Piedmont Agriculture - a branch
of the Vladikavkaz Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences,
The Republic of North Ossetia-Alania, village Mikhailovskoe, Russia,
e-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it. ,This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it., This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.
The main problem with wheat immunity to leaf rust is the loss of efficiency of most Lr-genes. The decrease in efficiency is associated with microevolutionary processes within the variety and the emergence of new virulent races of the phytopathogen, which are able to overcome previously effective resistance genes. The article deals with the results of a phytopathological test and ana-lyzes winter wheat breeding material for resistance to leaf rust (Puccinia recondita Desm). The ob-ject of research was ten varieties of different ecological and geographical origin. With DNA mark-ers in winter wheat cultivars, no effective genes Lr9, Lr19, Lr24/Sr24, Lr41 and Lr47 and the ineffec-tive gene Lr20 were found in Russia. The combination of the Lr34 gene with ineffective genes could provide an increase in the level of field resistance of wheat varieties. In the cultivar List 25, the gene for age resistance Lr37 is assumed, which is partially effective in Russia. According to the results of a comprehensive assessment of winter wheat cultivars to leaf rust, a resistant type of reaction (R) was shown by the cultivars Zhiva (Lr1, Lr3, Lr10, Lr26, Lr34) and List 25 (Lr1, Lr3, Lr37); susceptible type of reaction (S) in the Malvina variety - (Lr1, Lr26), Solara (Lr1, Lr34), Etude - Lr3. Genes in various combinations are capable of providing field resistance of winter wheat to leaf rust. Most of the varieties were moderately susceptible to the disease.
Key words: brown rust, winter wheat, resistance, resistance genes.
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УДК 633.11"321"+631.81.095.337
DOI 10/36461/NP.2021.60.3.009
MICROELEMENT FERTILIZERS AS A FACTOR OF REGULATION OF SPRING WHEAT PRODUCTIVITY
S. A. Semina, Doctor of Agricultural Sciences, professor;
N.I. Ostroborodova, Candidate of Agricultural Sciences, Associate Professor
Federal State-Funded Educational Institution of Higher Education Penza State Agrarian University, Penza, Russia, tel. (8412)628-151, e-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.
The article presents the results of studies of the influence of various types of microelement chelated fertilizers on the formation of the yield of spring soft wheat variety Arkhat during presow-ing seed treatment. It was found that only treatment of seeds with Cytovit contributed to an in-crease in the size of the head by 17.7%, and when using other microelement fertilizers, it was at the control level. It was found that the increase in the number of kernels when using Gumostim and Multipurpose Siliplant in relation to the control was 8.5-10.4%, and more kerneled heads were ob-tained when using Cytovit, which provided an increase of 19.3%. With endogenous treatment of seeds with Cytovit, the yield of kernel from the head increased by 21.7% compared to the control. The highest kernel yield was obtained when seeds were treated with Cytovit, the increase to the control was 0.98 t/ha or 22.4%. The effectiveness of Gumostim and Multipurpose Siliplant was twice as low. The weight of kernel when using EcoFus, Gumostim and Cytovit increased by 7-12 g/l. There was no significant effect of microelement fertilizers on the change in kernel consistency. On average, over the years of the experiment, the weight fraction of crude gluten in the variant with seed treatment with Cytovit was 4.5% higher than the control variant. A positive effect of EcoFus, Gumostim and Multipurpose Siliplant on the accumulation of wet gluten was noted, the increase to the control was 1.3-2.8%. The advantage in this quality indicator was in the variant with Cytovit treatment, the weight fraction of wet gluten was 4.5% higher than the control variant. However, with an increase in the amount of wet gluten, a regular decrease in its elastic properties was noted.
Key words: wheat, micronutrient fertilizers, head, kernel, productivity, weight, gluten.
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УДК 631.17
DOI 10/36461/NP.2021.60.3.007
GENETIC TECHNOLOGY IMPLEMENTATION MECHANISM IN AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION
E.I. Pozubenkova, Candidate of economic sciences, associate professor;
A.V. Nosov, Candidate of economic sciences, associate professor;
E.V. Fudina, Candidate of economic sciences, associate professor
Federal State-Funded Educational Institution of Higher Education Penza State Agrarian University, Penza, Russia, e-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.
The relevance of the study is due to the fact that in accordance with the Decree of the Presi-dent of the Russian Federation dated 02.07.2021 No. 400 "On the National Security Strategy of the Russian Federation" one of the key factors determining the country's position in the long term is the ability to ensure technological leadership. The state of science and innovation are becoming key indicators of the state's competitiveness. One of the priorities of scientific and technological development is the creation of genetic technologies. Within the framework of the national project "Science" and the Federal Scientific and Technical Program for the Development of Genetic Tech-nologies for 2019-2027, three world-class genomic centers were formed, where the head scientific organization is the Kurchatov Institute [1-3]. The main task is the creation of new genetic lines of wheat, barley and potatoes with the desired properties, the development of genetic technologies for the creation of new producer strains for industrial biotechnology. However, despite the urgent need to develop innovative activities in the agro-industrial complex, agribusiness entities do not seek to introduce various innovations, including genetic technologies. According to experts, the lack of desire of agro-industrial complex enterprises to introduce new innovative products lies in the non-obviousness of the economic benefit from such long-term expensive investments, as well as in the absence of a trained qualified base of specialists ready and able to bring an innovative product to the stage of its implementation and commercialization on the market. There is a need to form a mechanism for the prompt implementation of innovations in the field of genetic technolo-gies in agro-industrial production, including through the involvement of industrial (technological) partners [4].
Key words: technological innovations, genetic technologies, industrial partners.
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УДК 631.81: 631.559
DOI 10/36461/NP.2021.60.3.014
TECHNIQUES FOR INCREASING THE RESOURCE POTENTIAL OF LEACHED CHERNOZEMS OF THE MIDDLE VOLGA REGION
A.A. Lukmanov1, Candidate of Biological Sciences;
N.A. Loginov2, Candidate of Engineering Sciences, Associate Professor;
F.N. Safiollin2, Doctor of Agricultural Sciences, Professor
1Federal State Budgetary Institution "Centre of Agrochemical Service "Tatarsky", Kazan, Russia, e-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.
2Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education "Kazan StateAgrarian University", Kazan, Russia, e-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it. ; This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.
The results of five-year research under the soil and climatic conditions of the Middle Volga region show that the complex application of agrochemicals (liming + phosphorite application + NPK for the planned 4 t/ha of the spring wheat grain yield) increases the accumulation of dry mass of crop-root residues from 1.44 to 2.37 t/ha (by 64 %), improves mineralization of organic matter by 10.1 %, enhances the formation of structural units and compensates the removal of nutrition elements. On average, over five years, the combined use of the three above-mentioned agrochem-icals provided 3.77 t/ha of high-quality spring wheat grain, which is 94.3 % of the planned yield.
Keywords: liming, phosphorite application, mineral fertilizers, yield, spring wheat.
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УДК 633.63+631.82
DOI 10.36461/NP.2021.60.3.011
EFFECTS OF SENICATION ON RIPENING PROCESSES, SEED MASS FORMATION AND YIELD OF WINTER WHEAT
V.V. Koshelyaev1, Doctor of Agricultural sciences, professor;
R.R. Denmukhamedov1, post-graduate student;
I.P. Koshelyaeva1, Doctor of Agricultural sciences, assistant-professor;
G.A. Karpova1, Doctor of Agricultural sciences, assistant-professor.
1Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education «Penza State Agrarian University», Penza, Russia, tel. (8412) 62-83-73, e-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.
2Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education «Penza State University», Penza, Russia, e-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.
In a number of cases, such as unfavourable weather conditions during the ripening period, the production need to organize an earlier start of harvesting, stimulation of grain ripening on side shoots to produce seeds with less maternal variety, it is necessary to physiologically accelerate the ripening of plants without reducing their productivity. In this connection, the technological method of senication is used. The aim of the research is to study the effect of senication on changes of grain ripeness and to prove the optimal concentration of the working solution, which provides a high yield of seeds at different levels of mineral nutrition. The working solutions of ammonium nitrate in the amounts of 10, 20 and 30% were used as a senicant + 1% working solu-tion of 2,4-D ester. The crops were treated on three mineral nutrition backgrounds. As a result, it was found that senication of winter wheat crops regardless of the year and level of plant nutrition increases physiological ripeness and accelerates seed ripening. The treatment of plants with 20 and 30 % ammonium nitrate solutions and 1 % of 2,4-D ether provides a high average daily loss of moisture and increases the mass of 1000 seeds. Grain yield was consistently high when the plants were treated with 20 % ammonium nitrate solution + 1 % herbicide solution (2,4-D ester).
Keywords: winter wheat, senication, grain moisture dynamics, moisture release intensity, grain weight, yield
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УДК 633.112.9“324”:631.82
DOI 10/36461/NP.2021.60.3.013
ASSESSMENT OF WINTER TRITICALE VARIETIES AT DIFFERENT LEVELS OF MINERAL NUTRITION
T.A. Babaytseva1, Doctor of Agricultural Sciences, Associate Professor;
E.N. Poltorydyadko2, candidate
1Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education «Izhevsk State Agricultural Academy», Izhevsk, Russia, vol. 8-904-317-84-28, e-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.
2Branch of the Federal State Budgetary Institution «Rosselhoscenter» in the Udmurt Republic, Izhevsk, Russia, vol. 8-951-218-21-23, e-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.
The application of mineral fertilizers in crop cultivation technologies ensures an increase in yield and product quality. However, there is insufficient information in the scientific literature about the varietal reaction to the application of mineral fertilizers, which can be successfully used in seed production and breeding. The purpose of the research was to evaluate the productivity and sowing qualities of seeds of winter triticale varieties, depending on the level of mineral nutrition. A two-factor field experiment was set, in which the reaction of ten varieties was studied on two agricul-tural backgrounds. As a result of three years of research, it was found that application of split mineral fertilizers (N 32 P 32 K 32 + N 30 + N 30) provided an increase in the yield and seed yield by 26-95%. The varieties Bereket and Tulus turned out to be the most responsive to this agricultural technique. The payback of one kg of fertilizers, applied during the cultivation of these varieties, was 23.7 and 19.5 kg of seeds (for other varieties, this indicator varied between 7.5-13.1 kg). The varieties Beta and Ataman Platov were the least responsive to the use of fertilizers. Sowing quali-ties (germinating power, laboratory germination, thousand-seed weight, growth power and morpho-logical characteristics of seedlings) were higher in seeds of all varieties grown with split fertiliza-tion. That was especially evident in conditions of increased moisture during the ripening of grain.
Keywords: triticale, variety, mineral fertilizers, seed productivity, seeds, germinating power, laboratory germination, growth power, seedling
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УДК 338.2:338.43
DOI 10/36461/NP.2021.60.3.012
CURRENT STATE OF ORGANIC AGRICULTURE IN RUSSIA
О.А. Tkachuk, Candidate of agricultural sciences, assistant-professor;
Е.V. Efremova, Candidate of agricultural sciences, assistant-professor;
S.V. Bogomazov, Candidate of agricultural sciences, assistant-professor;
А.V. Lyandenburskaya, senior lecturer; А.А. Levin, senior lecturer
Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education
"Penza State Agrarian University", Penza, Russia, e-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.
Currently, organic agriculture is one of the key areas for the development of agricultural pro-duction in the Russian Federation. The article deals with the current state of organic agriculture. The analysis of the Federal law on organic products in Russia, which came into force on January 1, 2020, is presented in the article, which reflects the possibilities of transition to organic agricul-ture and production of organic goods, as well as measures of state support for producers of or-ganic goods. The paper provides analytical data on the state of the global market for organic products, agricultural systems that comply with the principles of sustainable development and lev-el out the disadvantages of traditional intensive farming systems.
Keywords: organic agriculture, federal law on organic products, principles of organic farm-ing.
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УДК 633.854.78+631.52+631.527
DOI 10/36461/NP.2021.60.3.017
AGRONOMIC EVALUATION OF CULTIVATION OF SUNFLOWER HYBRIDS OF DIFFERENT PRODUCERS IN THE SOIL AND CLIMATIC CONDITIONS OF PENZA REGION
S.V. Bogomazov, Candidate of agricultural sciences, assistant-professor;
Е.G. Kulikova, Candidate of biological sciences, assistant-professor;
Yu.V. Koryagin, Candidate of agricultural sciences, assistant-professor;
N.V. Koryagina, Candidate of agricultural sciences, assistant-professor
Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education
"Penza State Agrarian University", Penza, Russia, tel. +7 (8412) 628-359; +7 (8412) 628-546; +7(8412) 629-393, e-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.; This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.; This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.; This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.; This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.;
Agronomic evaluation of the cultivation of sunflower hybrids of different producers was car-ried out in the soil and climatic conditions of Penza Region, determining the most adapted and productive ones. The duration of the growing season of the hybrids under study was 119-135 days, field germination varied from 90.1 to 92.7%, and crop thinning was 1.7-5.2%. The highest yield was observed for the hybrid NK Rocky - St (2.48 t/ha), and the lowest for the hybrid P64LE25 (2.35 t/ha). Oil content in sunflower hybrids ranged from 49.9% to 50.7%, with profitability ranging from 42.7% (NK Rocky - St hybrid) to 29.1% (P64LE25 hybrid).
Keywords: sunflower, hybrids, field germination, crop thinning, productivity, oil content, prof-itability level, sunflower growing technology.
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УДК 582.998.16
DOI 10.36461/NP.2021.60.3.020
ENVIRONMENTALLY FRIENDLY TECHNOLOGY OF MILK THISTLE CULTIVATION
S.А. Kshnikatkin, Doctor of agricultural sciences, professor;
P.G. Alenin, Doctor of agricultural sciences, professor;
I.А. Voronova, Candidate of agricultural sciences, assistant-professor;
А.А. Polikarpova, post-graduate student
Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education "Penza State Agrarian University", Penza, Russia, tel. 8(8412)62-83-75, e-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.
The article presents the results of studies on the effect of biopreparations, growth regulators and complex fertilizers with microelements in chelated form on the formation of yield and techno-logical properties of milk thistle grain under exogenous treatment of seeds. It was found that the studied preparations had a significant effect on the formation of agrocenosis parameters of the milk thistle variety Debut. The highest values of the photosynthetic parameters were reached with the preparation Super Humisol - the leaf area was 56.7 m2/ha; photosynthetic potential was 2.84 mln.m2/ha; net photosynthetic productivity was 2.65 g/m2/day. Productivity of milk thistle seeds according to the variants of the experiment was 0.92-1.18 t/ha, control - 0.75 t/ha. The highest in-crease in milk thistle seed yield of 0.43 t/ha (54.3 %) was obtained with exogenous treatment of seeds with a new generation complex biopreparation - Super Humisol. The content of oil in milk thistle seeds increased by 4.3-6.7 %, of protein - 0.9-3.5 %, acid number of oil - 0.13-0.14, control - 0.15 mg KOH. The developed elements of ecologically safe technology of milk thistle cultivation are energetically effective, the bioenergetic efficiency was 52.96-3.78 units.
Keywords: milk thistle, bacterial preparations, complex fertilizers with chelate forms of micro-fertilizers, growth regulators, photosynthesis parameters, yield, technological properties of grain.
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УДК 633.2+ 631.81.095.337
DOI 10.36461/NP.2021.60.3.021
FESTULOLIUM AGROCENOSIS FORMATION DEPENDING ON VARIETY CHARACTERISTICS AND SEED TREATMENT WITH MICRONUTRIENT FERTILIZERS AND BACTERIAL PREPARATIONS
А.А. Galiullin, Candidate of agricultural sciences, assistant-professor;
Е.А. Kalinichev, post-graduate student
Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education
"Penza State Agrarian University", Penza, Russia, e-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.
Studies on increasing the productivity of festulolium varieties VIK-90 and Izumrudny were conducted in 2019-2021 on the experimental plot of Penza State Agrarian University. The effect of micro- and biofertilizers (Azosol-36, Extra, Megamix-Profi, Siliplant, Zircon, Agrika, Agri-ka+microelements, Agat-25 Super) during seed treatment on the formation of festulolium agroce-nosis in the year of sowing as well as on the productivity and nutritive value of green mass in the first year of use was studied. As a result of studies it was found that the studied preparations had a positive effect on agrocenosis formation (increase of germinating capacity and safety), indices of plant development (increase of plant height, linear size, weight and root volume). The highest productivity of the agrocenosis (46.6 t/ha of green mass and 9.5 t/ha of dry matter), feed nutritive value (389.5 kg/ha of raw fat, 700.2 kg/ha of digestible protein and 111.2 GJ/ha of exchange ener-gy) and energy content (11.71 MJ/kg of dry matter) were obtained after treatment of festulolium seeds of Izumrudny variety with Agrika + microelements.
Keywords: introduction, festulolium, perennial grasses, microelement fertilizers, yield, photo-synthesis, agrocenosis.
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Veterinary and zootechny
УДК 636.5:633.367
DOI 10.36461/NP.2021.60.3.016
RELEVANCE OF PROBIOTICS IN POULTRY FARMING
B.V. Ageev, post-graduate student1, chief zootechnician2
1Agrarian Institute of the Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education " Mordovian State University named after N.P. Ogarev", Saransk, Russia, е-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it..
2OOO Avangard Poultry Farm (LLC), the village of Insar-Akshino, Ruzaevsky District, Republic of Mordovia, Russia
The rapid development of the poultry industry puts specialists in a rigid framework - to main-tain productivity at a high level at any period of time. The feed market offers a large range of preparations that have a positive effect on the poultry organism. Among the wide range one can pay attention to probiotic preparations and their properties. As part of the production, we con-ducted scientific and economic experience. Two groups of birds of the same age of Lohmann Brown Classic cross were selected for the experiment. The feeding program for both groups was the same. The difference was that the birds of the experimental group were given 1000 g/t of Bacil-lus subtilis probiotic in addition to the basic diet. The probiotic allowed to increase the productivity and safety of laying hens.
Keywords: laying hens, feeding, probiotics, Bacillus subtilis, productivity.
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ENGINEERING SCIENCES
Processes and machines of Agroengineering systems
УДК 621.374
DOI 10/36461/NP.2021.60.3.002
OPTIMIZATION OF METHOD FOR PRINTED TEXTS IMAGE RECOGNITION
E. M. Pint, Candidate of engineering sciences, Professor;
I. N. Petrovnina, Candidate of Engineering Sciences, Associate Professor;
K. A. Yelichev, Candidate of Engineering Sciences, Associate Professor; V. A. Skorokhodov
Federal State-Funded Educational Institution of Higher Education Penza State University
of Architecture and Construction, Penza, Russia, tel. 89273644971, е-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.
Various devices built on the basis of existing methods for distinguishing types of printed text images make it possible to distinguish between the configuration of letters and digits in only one font. The inventive device introduces printed characters from a carrier into a rectangular matrix consisting of elements of a personal computer memory device (PC). On the basis of the devel-oped technique a PC software was created, according to which the image of each printed image from the starting point, is outlined in certain directions of parts of the image figure. The code of the printed figure is generated in the form of a series of directions. In this case, non-decisive di-rections are thrown out of the code and only a number of decisive directions are left, which carry the necessary information about a certain printed image. For this series, the configuration of the print letter or digit differs among the other configurations. The possibility of optimizing the soft-ware for PC, implementing the created method of distinguishing images of printed letters and dig-its is considered. The new device makes it possible to distinguish types of printed images of dif-ferent fonts, despite certain changes in the position of the elements of the shape of the image, their dimensions and the presence of certain defects in the printing
Key words: perceptive device, rectangular matrix of PC memory elements, type of printed image, PC software, printed image code, ideal code, distinguishing the type of printed image, out-lining, image depiction.
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УДК 631.331
DOI 10/36461/NP.2021.60.3.003
THEORETICAL STUDIES OF A SINGLE-DISC COULTER WITH COPYING WHEEL OF A S-7.2PM4 GRAIN SEEDER
M.А. Papshev, post-graduate student;
V.V. Shumaev, Candidate of Technical sciences, assistant-professor
Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education "Penza State Agrarian University", Penza, Russia, tel. (8412) 628579, e-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.
The materials of the article are devoted to the topical subject - improvement of quality of grain crops sowing. It is noted that the known designs of tine and disc coulters have significant traction resistance, form a wide furrow, which is difficult to cover, do not provide high-quality rep-lication of the field topography. All this negatively affects the uniformity of distribution of crop seeds, both on the length of the row, and on the depth of seeding. The most promising way to improve the quality of performance of the seeding unit is to equip grain planters with combined coulters. The article offers the design of the coulter with copying wheel of a pneumatic sowing machine for sowing the seeds of grain crops, it has a new design of the coulter disc and mecha-nism of adjustment of seeding, thus the disc has a conic form for stable forming a furrow, from inside of the disc a copying wheel is set on the axis, it is made of elastic material, playing the role of the disc scraper and regulator of the depth of seeding. The analytical dependencies allowing to determine the radius of soil element rn=0.025 m, the minimal sowing depth which was 0.02 m and the minimal radius of copying wheel rk min=0.096 m were obtained.
Keywords: grain seeder, theoretical studies, coulter with a copying wheel, sowing depth, seed distribution, soil.
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УДК 631.33.022.6
DOI 10/36461/NP.2021.60.3.005
LABORATORY TESTS OF A GRAIN SEEDER COULTER WITH A FURROW FORMER
S.V. Brichkov, post-graduate student; N.P. Laryushin, Doctor of Technical sciences, professor; А.N. Kalabushev, Candidate of Technical sciences, senior lecturer;
А.V. Shukov, Candidate of Technical sciences, assistant-professor
Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education
«Penza State Agrarian University» Penza, Russia, tel. (8412) 628 517, е-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.
The article deals with the results of laboratory research of an experimental coulter of a grain seeder with a furrow former in order to obtain qualitative indicators of seeding crops, such as une-ven distribution of seeds along the length of the furrow. By means of an experimental laboratory setup the laboratory researches of the experimental coulter of a grain seeder with a furrow former were carried out for finding the rational values of its constructive and operating parameters neces-sary for the qualitative work. Graphic dependences of non-uniformity of seed distribution on the length of a furrow on its constructive and operating parameters during the operation of a furrow former for a grain seeder were obtained. The paper presents two-dimensional sections of graphic dependence characterizing the uneven distribution of seeds along the length of the furrow on the spring stiffness, the working speed of the seeder, the value of the overlap of the straight right-hand rod with the straight left-hand rod of spring fingers, which provide the smallest uneven distri-bution of seeds along the length of the furrow.
Keywords: coulter, furrow former, laboratory setup, seeds, spring finger.
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УДК 631.33.022.6
DOI 10/36461/NP.2021.60.3.004
LABORATORY RESEARCH ON THE SEEDING UNIT OF A GRAIN SEEDER WITH WITH GROOVE WALLS, INCLINATION OF THE RIBS AND GROOVES OF THE SECTIONAL ROLLER
А.Y. Vershigorov, post-graduate student; N.P. Laryushin, Doctor of Technical sciences, professor; А.V. Shukov, Candidate of Technical sciences, assistant-professor;
А.N. Kalabushev, Candidate of Technical sciences, senior lecturer
Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education
«Penza State Agrarian University» Penza, Russia, tel. (8412) 628 517, e-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.
The article presents the results of laboratory researches of the experimental seeding unit of a grain seeder with groove walls, inclined ribs and grooves of the sectional roller, and the question of improving the quality indicator of sowing grain crops, such as non-uniformity of seed distribu-tion over the length of the furrow. The research of the experimental seeding unit of a grain planter with groove walls, inclined ribs and grooves of the sectional roller to find rational values of its de-sign and operating parameters were carried out by means of the laboratory setup. The paper pre-sents two-dimensional sections of graphic dependence characterizing non-uniformity of seed dis-tribution along the length of the furrow from the design and operating parameters of the experi-mental seeding unit of a grain planter with groove walls, inclined ribs and grooves of the sectional roller (rotation frequency of the roller, the angle of inclination of the four-sectional roller ribs, the thickness of groove walls), which provide the best qualitative performance of the experimental seeding unit of a grain seeder with groove walls.
Keywords: sowing unit, four-sectional roller, laboratory setup, walls, seeds, inclined ribs and grooves.
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УДК 631.33.022.6
DOI 10/36461/NP.2021.60.3.006
LABORATORY STUDIES OF THE COULTER OF A GRAIN DRILL WITH A HINGED CONNECTION OF A SEED GUIDE TUBE AND A SOIL DISRUPTER WITH THE COULTER BODY
I.Yu. Kukushkin, postgraduate; N.P. Laryushin, doctor of engineering sciences, professor;
A.N. Kalabushev, candidate of engineering sciences, senior lecturer;
A.V. Shukov, candidate of engineering sciences, associate professor
Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education «Penza State Agrarian University», Penza, Russia, tel. (8412) 628 517, е-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.
The article presents laboratory studies of the issue of improving the qualitative indicator of sowing grain crop seeds, such as the uneven distribution of seeds along the length of the furrow by the experimental coulter of a grain drill with a hinged connection of the seed guide tube and soil disrupter with the body of the coulter. Using a laboratory setup, studies of an experimental coulter of a grain drill with a hinged connection of a seed guide tube and a soil disrupter with a coulter body were carried out to find rational values of its design and operating parameters neces-sary for high-quality work. Dependences' diagrams of the uneven distribution of seeds along the furrow length by the coulter of a grain drill with a hinged connection of the seed guide tube and the soil disrupter with the coulter body are obtained. The work presents two-dimensional cross-sections of the dependence diagram. They characterise the unevenness of seed distribution over the furrow length when a coulter of a grain drill with a hinged connection of the seed guide tube and soil disrupter with the coulter body works. These graphs show the dependence of the seed unevenness indicator on the oscillatory amplitude of the disturbing force acting on the soil dis-rupter, as well as the deformations of the plate spring. These deformations provide the least une-ven seed distribution over the furrow length.
Keywords: coulter, hinged connection, soil disrupter, laboratory setup, seed guide tube, seeds.
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УДК 621.436
DOI 10/36461/NP.2021.60.3.010
TECHNOLOGY OF COLD BREAKING IN OF DIESEL ENGINES WITH INCREASED LOAD-SPEED MODES
A.N. Morunkov1, Candidate of Engineering Sciences, Associate Professor;
S.V. Timokhin2, Doctor of Engineering Sciences, Professor;
I.A. Spitsyn2, Doctor of Engineering Sciences, Professor;
M.V. Ryblov2, Candidate of Technical Sciences, Associate Professor;
A.N. Kuvshinov3, Candidate of Engineering Sciences, Associate Professor
1OOO PenzaMolInvest, Penza, Russia, e-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.;
2Federal State-Funded Educational Institution of Higher Education Penza State Agrarian University, Penza, Russia, e-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.;
3Federal State-Funded Educational Institution of Higher Education N.P. Ogarev National Research Mordovia State University, Saransk, Russia
Typical technologies of diesel engine breaking in with the use of break in and brake stands have a number of technical, economic and environmental disadvantages that make it difficult to use them widely. It is suggested to use the technology of cold breaking in of diesel engines with increased load-speed modes is proposed, the computational and theoretical justification of the breaking in modes and experimental studies. The technology of cold breaking in with increased load-speed modes has been developed. Theoretical substantiation of cold breaking in modes with increased load-speed modes and bench tests of the D-240 diesel engine in the studied modes were carried out. Experimental studies have shown the possibility of cold breaking in with in-creased load-speed modes by increasing the speed of the crankshaft and the intake air pressure for a certain time. For cold breaking in of the D-240 diesel engine according to the proposed tech-nology, six steps of breaking in are proposed with an increase in the rotational speed to 2200 min-1 and the intake pressure to 0.157 MPa for 35 minutes. Carrying out cold breaking in with increased load modes allows to create load-speed modes at additional steps, similar to the steps of hot breaking in under load.
Keywords: diesel, overhaul, cold breaking in, running in, load-speed mode.
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УДК 637.116.2
DOI 10.36461/NP.2021.60.3.018
SIMULATION OF THE OPERATION OF THE TEAT CUP LINER OF THE MILKING MACHINE WITH THE SQUEEZING EFFECT
A.V. Yashin, Candidate of Engineering Sciences, Associate Professor;
P.N. Khorev, Candidate of Engineering Sciences, Associate Professor;
O.S. Kalinina, engineer, S.V. Makovsky, Candidate of Engineering Sciences
Federal State-Funded Educational Institution of Higher Education
Penza State Agrarian University, Russia, tel. +79273907570, e-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.
An increase in the rate of milk production based on an increase in the milk productivity of cows is the main task of dairy cattle breeding. A reserve for the growth of milk productivity is the use of milking equipment that most fully meets the physiology of animals. An analysis of the de-signs of existing milking machines led to the conclusion that one of the main drawbacks is their extremely harsh effect on the teat nipple receptors and, accordingly, inhibition of the milk ejection reflex, which leads to a decrease in the intensity of cow milking and a decrease in milk yield. It has been established that the most important element of the milking machine is the teat cup liners, which are in direct contact with the animal. The research is based on the well-known principles of fluid (gas) and solid mechanics, the theory of elasticity and resistance of materials, as well as mathematical analysis. An equation for the maximum radial deflection of the liner barrel of the milking machine has been obtained, which makes it possible to determine the relationship between deformation and the mechanical characteristics of the material used, the main design and dynamic parameters. The simulation of the operation of the teat cup liner of the milking machine confirms the existence of a wave effect of squeezing out in the collapse phase.
Key words: teat cup liner, barrel, radial deflection, simulation, squeezing.
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УДК 631.531.027
DOI 10/36461/NP.2021.60.3.015
SCARIFIER FOR THE PRE-SOWING TREATMENT OF LEGUMINOUS GRASS SEEDS
S.А. Kshnikatkin, Doctor of Agricultural sciences, professor;
P.G. Alenin, Doctor of Agricultural sciences, professor;
I.А. Voronova, Candidate of Agricultural sciences, assistant-professor;
N.А. Karpov, post-graduate student; I.А. Konnov, student; K.S. Svetlichkina, student
Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education
«Penza State Agrarian University», tel. (8412)62-83-75, e-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.
In recent years, more and more areas of agricultural land have been cultivated with the valua-ble non-traditional fodder crop Eastern galega (Galega orientalis Lam.), which perfectly combines high productivity with excellent fodder values and sustainable seed production, rationally uses agro-climatic conditions of the zone and increases soil fertility, and is valuable as a forecrop and a honey-bearing plant. Eastern galega sowing material contains 50...95 % of seeds with hard shell. Seed hardness is explained by impermeability of seed shells to water and air. To increase seed germination, reduce the seed rate of galega to 2.0 mln/ha and maintain the density of the grass stand, the seeds of a perennial legume fodder crop - Eastern galega should undergo pre-sowing treatment - seed scarification. The article presents the design and operating principle of the devel-oped scarifier SS-0,5, the technological scheme of which is based on the following technical solu-tions: a screw pipe with a transition to a four-section distributive rotating working body is used for transportation from the charging bunker; for seed treatment (cracking and scratching) a scarifying surface in the form of a stationary disk with an abrasive surface is used in the working chamber. The developed scarifier of seeds of leguminous crops SS-0,5 of a disk type qualitatively carries out technological process of scarifying of Eastern galega seeds. At an optimum supply of 0.5 t/h, the quality indicator of seed scarification of eastern galega reaches 98.8 %, seed damage - 0.6 %, which corresponds to agricultural requirements.
Keywords: forage crops, non-traditional, Eastern galega, seed hardness, seeds, scarifier, scarification, disc, working body, conveying, scarification quality, germination.
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УДК 62-111.1
DOI 10.36461/NP.2021.60.3.022
JUSTIFICATION OF THE PROSPECTIVE OPERATIONAL SCHEME PREPARATION OF MIXED FODDER CONCENTRATES IN THE CONDITIONS OF LIVESTOCK ENTERPRISES
А.V. Chupshev, Candidate of technical sciences, assistant-professor
Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education"Penza State Agrarian University", Penza, Russia, tel. (8412) 628-542, e-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.
Preparation of qualitative mixed fodders-concentrates in conditions of small cattle-breeding enterprises in many respects depends on the chosen operational scheme of manufacture and cor-rect choice of the process equipment. The review analysis of existing technological lines of prepa-ration of fodder (fodder-medicinal) mixes, with establishment of the list of obligatory operations, and the required nomenclature of technical means is carried out. The technique of researches pro-vides the review analysis of technological lines of feeding shops applicable to small animal-breeding enterprises with a possibility of preparation of fodder-medicinal mixtures and disinfection of the damaged grain components. When detecting pathogenic bacteria in the processed fodder, the necessity of thermal treatment of components appears. However, due to the high cost of technological equipment this operation is not carried out. On the basis of the studied material we propose the operational scheme allowing to carry out thermal treatment with the use of disinfection equipment. In this case, the use of continuous mixers does not allow to distribute the micro-components accurately throughout the volume with respect to the formulation of the mixture due to the large error of the dosing devices. Stepped mixing is effective for the highest-quality mixing of components with a small fraction in the formulation. Relevant conclusions on the application of the operating scheme and the type of technological equipment are given.
Keywords: mixed fodder, grain, mixed fodder concentrates, purification, filling, heat treat-ment, milling, batching, mixing, technological scheme, operation, fodder-medicinal mixtures.
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УДК 631.348
DOI 10.36461/NP.2021.60.3.019
PNEUMATIC LOADING DEVICE FOR MOBILE SEED DRESSERS OF CEREAL CROPS
E.G. Nurullin, Doctor of Technical Sciences, Professor;
I.R. Zainutdinov, post-graduate student, R.A. Faizullin, post-graduate student
Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education
"Kazan State Agrarian University", Kazan, Russia, tel. +7(904) 671-79-93, e-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.
Currently existing in the world market machines for pre-sowing treatment of cereal seeds with protective and stimulating agents are equipped with loading and unloading devices of mechanical type, which strongly traumatize seeds, reducing their reproductive qualities. The aim of the re-search is to increase the yield and quality of grain by preserving the reproductive qualities of the seeds by reducing the traumatization during pre-sowing treatment. The research was carried out using general scientific and special methods, developed private methods, as well as known provi-sions of agricultural mechanics, gas dynamics and the theory of pneumatic conveying. On the ba-sis of the analysis of existing in the world market seed dressers, scientific researches and devel-opmental works, results of patent search, a promising direction for improving the technology of seed pre-sowing preparation of cereal crops in the conditions of agricultural enterprises on the basis of application of a seed dresser equipped with a pneumatic type grain loader has been re-vealed.A new design of pneumatic-loading device for mobile seed dressers of cereal crops, providing the reduction of traumatization, is proposed. The basic design and technological param-eters of a pneumatic seed pipeline, an unloader and a fan, which form the basis of the new pneu-matic-loading device, are substantiated. Methodical prerequisites for calculation of the pneumatic system of the pneumatic loading device are given. The results of the performed researches can be used by agricultural producers, agricultural machine building enterprises, as well as by research organizations and scientific workers when developing new and improving the existing technologies and technical means in agriculture. On the basis of the obtained results, work on creation of a new seed treater of cereal crops based on pneumatic loading of seeds with simultaneous separation of dust in a single continuous air stream has begun, which, along with the reduction of damage, will improve the quality of their treatment, will reduce the consumption of expensive preparations and costs of energy-intensive works on cleaning seeds from dust on grain-cleaning machines, which take place in existing technologies.
Keywords: dresser, grain crops seeds, grain damage.
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