AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES
Agronomy
doi: 10.26177/VRF.2020.4.4.001
EFFECT OF FERTILIZERS ON FORMATION OF AGROCENOSIS DENSITY, SEEDING QUALITIES AND BIOCHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF SPRING WHEAT SEEDS
L.V. Karpova, Doctor Agricultural Sciences, professor; A.V. Strogonova, graduate student
Federal State-Funded Educational Institution of Higher Education Penza State Agrarian University,
tel. (8412)628373; e-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.
There is a great shortage of trace elements in the soils of our country, which does not justify the biological potential of the productive indicators of the main crops.
The research objective is the scientific substantiation of the choice of the most effective way of applying complex liquid fertilizers with microelements in chelated form to form the density of agrocenosis, seedlings qualities and biochemical composition of spring wheat seeds.
It was established that, on average, over two years of research, the field germination of spring wheat against the background of natural fertility was in the range of 73.8-78.4%, and against the background of the application of nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium fertilizer it amounted to 73.6-79.3%. The largest number of plants remained for harvesting was noted both against the background without fertilizer application and against the background of mineral nutrition in the variants with seed treatment with Megamix-seeds and Megamix-Profi in the tillering and heading stages – 386 and 388 plants per 1 m2.
Micronutrient fertilizers influenced the weight of 1000 seeds, germination energy, laboratory germination and growth power. When growing this crop against the background of N16P16K16 application, the weight of 1000 seeds increased by 10.1% according to the experimental variants, germination energy – 9.4%, laboratory germination by 6.9%, weight of 100 sprouts – by 17%, and sprout length – 18.9%.
The biochemical composition of the grain shows a supply of the following nutrients: protein, nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, the largest amount of which was accumulated in spring wheat grain grown during the treatment of seeds and crops with fertilizers Megamix-seeds and Megamix-Profi.
Keywords: variety, spring wheat, mineral fertilizer, macroelements, microelements, density of agrocenosis, biochemical composition.
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DOI: 10.26177/VRF.2020.4.4.002
ABOUT THE CONTENT OF CADMIUM IN WILD-GROWING FODDER, MEDICINAL, AND FOOD PLANTS OF FORESTS OF THE PENZA REGION
A.I. Ivanov1, Doctor of Biological Sciences, professor; M.I. Andreeva2, research worker
1 Penza State Agrarian University, Penza, Russia, tel. 896563331761, e-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.
2 A branch of the federal budgetary institution “Federal Office for the Safe Storage and Destruction of Chemical Weapons under the Ministry of Industry and Trade of the Russian Federation (military unit 70855) – 1206 facility for storage and destruction of chemical weapons (military unit 21222)”,
Leonidovka village, Penza region, Russia, tel. 89063994748, e-mail:This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.
The objects of the research were samples of soils and herbaceous plants taken in the forest ecosystems of the Penza region, which were analyzed for the total content of cadmium by atomic absorption spectrometry. It was found that in the samples taken from A-horizons of different varieties of grey forest soils, the content of this element was 4-5 times lower than the approximate permissible concentrations (APC). The cadmium concentration in the studied plant species was also significantly lower than the maximum permissible concentrations (MPC). Two types of cadmium distribution were recorded fro herbs. In the goatweed, its content was higher in the underground organs, and in the carex – in the leaves. The minimal values were determined for reproductive organs. The cadmium content in the vegetative organs – representatives of various economic groups of feed plants was different. The lowest values were expressed among representatives of the legume family. The average values are determined for species of herbs, the maximum – for cereals. The samples of the biomaterial of various plant species taken in the study area and used as food and medicinal raw materials contained various amounts of the studied element. The minimum values were determined for alder cones, raspberries and strawberries, the maximum – for leaves and blueberries. Thus, fodder, medicinal and food plants procured in the research area were safe for cadmium content.
Key words: pollution, cadmium, grasses, medicinal plants, berries.
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DOI: 10.26177/VRF.2020.4.4.003
STUDIES OF THE POSSIBILITY OF USING MUSHROOM WASTE IN BIOREMEDIATION OF AGRICULTURAL SOILS
G.V. Ilyina, Doctor of Biological Sciences, professor; S.A. Sashenkova, Candidate of Biological Sciences, assistant-professor;
D.Yu. Ilyin, Candidate of Biological Sciences, assistant-professor Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education «Penza State
Agrarian University», Russia, tel. (8412) 62-81-51, e-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.
The paper considers the possibilities of using organic substrates after cultivation mycelial cultures of xylotrophic basidiomycetes for bioremediation of soils contaminated with polyphenolic compounds and heavy metals. A 0.9-3-fold decrease in the integral soil toxicity indicator under the influence of mycelial-substrate complexes (mushroom cultivation and biotechnology waste) was shown. The dynamics of the humus content in soil samples as a result of introducing oyster mushrooms (Pleurotus ostreatus) as a fertilizer was studied. It was found that the content of humus in the experimental variants increased by 0.08-0.14%. At the same time, the use of mushroom cultivation waste as fertilizers made it possible to increase the yield of spring wheat “Tulaykovskaya 10” by 10.7-29.5%.
Key words: bioremediation of soils, xylotrophic basidiomycetes, mycelial cultures, mushroom waste, integral toxicity
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DOI: 10.26177/VRF.2020.4.4.004
PROTEIN CONTENT IN GRAINS OF WINTER WHEAT VARIETIES AT DIFFERENT LEVELS OF MINERAL NUTRITION
V.V. Koshelyaev1, Doctor of Agricultural Sciences, professor; V.I. Salnikov2, postgraduate; I.P. Koshelyaeva1, Doctor of Agricultural Sciences, assistant-professor
1 Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education «Penza State Agrarian University», Russia, tel. 8(8412) 62-83-73, e-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.
2 Branch of the Federal State Budgetary Institution «Russian Agricultural Center» in the Penza Region, Russia, tel. 8(8412) 35-26-50, e-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.
The main direction of improving the quality of grain is the cultivation of new varieties genetically predisposed to form high quality grain. At the same time, the genetic potential of varieties can only be realized under specific weather conditions and the application of cultivation techniques that favourably affect the growth and development of plants. In these studies, various conditions were created by changing plant nutritional regimes in order to determine the possibilities of varieties to form a grain crop with a high protein content. The purpose of the work was to evaluate and highlight varieties of winter wheat that can realize the potential of grain quality at various levels of intensification of mineral nutrition. To achieve the goal, a two-factor field experiment was carried out. Factor A – winter wheat varieties, factor B – levels of mineral nutrition. As a result, it was established that varieties of winter wheat were characterized by unequal properties to accumulate protein in grain. Variety Claudia 2 was characterized by high activity to accumulate protein when fertilizing. Bezenchukskaya 380, Moskovskaya 56 were characterized by medium activity and Nemchinovskaya 57, Scepter and Fatigna – by low. The application of mineral fertilizers at the rate of N16 P16 K16 during sowing in fall and N68 for top dressing in spring contributed to the formation of grain with a higher protein content in all varieties of winter wheat.
Key words: winter wheat, varieties, protein content, mineral nutrition, fertilizer.
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DOI: 10.26177/VRF.2020.4.4.005
CORN GRAIN PRODUCTIVIY, DEPENDING ON FOLIAR APPLICATION OF POLYNUTRIENT FERTILIZER
P.A. Semina, Doctor Agricultural Sciences, professor; I.V. Gavryushina, Candidate of Biological Sciences, associate professor
Federal State-Funded Educational Institution of Higher Education Penza State Agrarian University, Russia, tel. (8412)628151, e-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.
The article presents the results of studies on the effect of foliage treatment of crops with solutions of complex fertilizers Azosol 36 Extra and Aquarin 5 with micro-elements in chelate form on the structural elements and grain productuvity of early ripening and medium early maize hybrids at various levels of root nutrition. In the variants without mineral fertilizers, after applying complex fertilizers in the 5-leaf phase, the number of grains on a cob increased by 7.0-9.0%, and after double treatment – by 8.0-9.9%, and there is no big difference in hybrids notably. On the fertilized soil, the treatment of crops in the 5-leaf phase of corn with micronutrient fertilizers allowed to increase the number of grains on a cob of the early ripening hybrid Ladozhskiy 191 MB by 7.2-7.5%, and a double application increased the number of grains on a cob by 7.8-8.1 % When treating the crops of the mid-early hybrid Azosol 36 Extra, the growth of full-fledged grains amounted to 3.0-3.9%, and a greater number of grains were formed when microfertilizers were applied in the 5-leaf phase. Aquarin 5 contributed to an increase in the number of grains on a cob by 4.5-5.6%, and the best results were obtained with its double use. After foliar treatment of early ripening hybrid crops with complex microelement fertilizers in the variants without solid mineral fertilizer, the weight of corn cobs increased by 6.4-11.1% with a slight advantage of using Aquarin 5. The use of Azosol 36 Extra on the crops of the Ronaldinio hybrid in a natural soil made it possible to increase the weight of grain from the cobs by 8.3-9.7%, treatment with Aquarin 5 – by 11.1-13.2%, with large increases obtained after the double use of chelated fertilizer. The binary use of Azosol 36 Extra on the crops of the early ripening Ladozhskiy hybrid 191 MV under conditions of improved root nutrition contributed to an additional 8.2% of grain from a cob. Treatment in the 5-leaf phase and the double use of Aquarin 5 increased the weight of the grain of one cob by 8.6-8.7%. In the crops of the mid-early hybrid, the advantage was also for the Aquarin 5 microfertilizer. Its use in the 5-leaf phase increased the weight of a cob grain by 9.1%, and its double use by 10.1%. Azosol 36 Extra provided smaller grain increments – 5.2-6.2%, moreover, the difference in treatment time was not significant. A promising way to increase the productivity of corn grain is to use complex fertilizer with microelements in the chelate form Aquarin 5 in the 5-leaf phase and double foliar treatment, which contributes to an increase in grain harvest from a unit area on an unapproved agricultural background by 9.6-12.4%, and with the improvement of root nutrition conditions – by 7.7-8.8%.
Keywords: corn, hybrid, fertilizers, microelements, corn cob, grain, productivity.
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DOI: 10.26177/VRF.2020.4.4.006
PRODUCTIVITY OF MEDIUM EARLY POTATO VARIETIES DEPENDING ON THE APPLICATION OF MINERAL FERTILIZERS AND CHICKEN MANURE
N.P. Chekaev, Candidate of Agricultural Sciences, associate professor; N.V. Koryagina, Candidate of Agricultural Sciences, associate professor
Federal State-Funded Educational Institution of Higher Education Penza State Agrarian University, Russia, tel. 8(8412) 62-83-67, e-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.
The article presents the results of studies on the influence of mineral fertilizers and chicken manure on the productivity of potato tubers of domestic and foreign selection. In the studies conducted in 2017-2019 on leached chernozem under the conditions of the Penza region, it was found that when chicken manure and mineral fertilizers are applied, the yield and quality of tubers increases, which is directly related to the supply of plants with nutrients. The use of chicken manure at a dose of 2 t/ha allowed to increase the total yield of tubers of the studied varieties of potatoes by 22.6-29.5%, marketable tubers by 24.3-35.5% compared with the variant without fertilizers. The highest yields were observed in variants with the combined use of carbamide in a dose of N30 and potassium sulfate at a dose K60 and in variants with a combined use of ammophos at a dose N30P30K30 and potassium sulfate at a dose K30. The use of moderate doses of mineral fertilizers and chicken manure at a dose of 2 t/ha increases not only the productivity of potato tubers, but also the content of dry matter, starch and nitrates in the tubers, not exceeding the MAC value. The combined use of nitrogen-potassium and nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium fertilizers with the addition of potassium sulfate at doses of K60 and K30 can improve the quality indicators of tubers for all studied varieties.
Keywords: potato varieties, yield, quality of tubers, mineral fertilizers, chicken manure.
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DOI: 10.26177/VRF.2020.4.4.007
LEGAL SUPPORT AND WAYS TO INCREASE THE EFFICIENCY OF STATE LAND SUPERVISION IN THE PENZA REGION
O.F. Kadykova, Candidate of Economic Sciences, Assistant-Professor; A.P. Duzhnikov, Candidate of Agricultural Sciences, Assistant-Professor;
T.N. Chuvorkina, Candidate of Economic Sciences, Assistant-Professor; A.V. Dolbilin, Candidate of Agricultural Sciences, Assistant-Professor
Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education «Penza State Agrarian University», Russia, tel. (8-412) 628338, e-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.
The article presents the system of legal support for the organization of land supervision at the regional level, the results of the analysis of the activities of state inspectors on the use and protection of land in the Penza region are presented, violations of land legislation are presented, the main directions for improving the effectiveness of land supervision are identified. The analysis of legal sources on the studied problem showed that in the implementation of state land supervision regulatory and legal acts of different levels are applied. According to existing legislation, state land supervision is carried out by specially authorized federal executive bodies. Among departments, the Federal State Registration, Cadastre and Cartography Service (hereinafter referred to as the Rosreestr) has the largest powers in the field of land supervision.
Based on the analysis of the main indicators of state supervision in the Penza region, the effectiveness of the Rosreestr Directorate is determined. The indicators characterizing the activities of state inspectors of the Rosreestr on the protection and land use for 2015-2018 are considered. Concrete examples of violations of land legislation in the region are given. It was revealed that controversial situations arising in the course of inspections are related to unauthorized occupation of a land plot or its use without appropriate documents. The results of the analysis of the performance indicators of the state inspectors of Rosreestr on the protection and land use in the region indicate that the performance of the state function of state land supervision in the Penza region is within the normal range. The control and supervision measures proposed by the authors allow to improve the effectiveness of land supervision in the Penza region.
Key words: legal regulation, state land supervision, performance of executive authorities.
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DOI: 10.26177/VRF.2020.4.4.008
FORMATION OF THE STRATEGY OF CROP PRODUCTION INNOVATIVE DEVELOPMENT
S.N. Alekseyeva, Candidate of Economic Sciences, assistant-professor; G.A. Volkova, Candidate of Economic Sciences, assistant-professor
Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education «Penza State Agrarian University», Russia, tel. 8(8412) 628563, e-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.
The aim of the article is the study and systematization of factors affecting the formation of a strategy for the innovative development of crop production. In the work were used general and special research methods, as well as strategic planning methods, which provide initial information for making an informed decision about the optimal development strategy using modern applied methodology.
The authors highlighted the directions of the strategy for the development of crop production, which suggest an increase in agricultural production only with the constant introduction of innovations. Based on the materials of an agricultural organization, the article analyzes the external and internal environment, evaluates the factors of the organization’s strategic position.
The formation of the strategy for the innovative development of crop production will contribute to a range of research and development, creation of innovations, their development in order to maximize income and increase the competitiveness of crop production. The relevance of this study also led to the fact that crop production is an important indicator of the country's food security.
Key words: crop production, development strategy, innovation, planning, strategic directions, the external and internal environment of the organization, oil-bearing crops, production program.
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DOI: 10.26177/VRF.2020.4.4.009
INFLUENCE OF EARLY-SPRING FERTILIZING WITH SULPHUR-CONTAINING MINERAL FERTILIZERS ON THE QUALITY OF WINTER WHEAT GRAIN FLOUR
F.A. Mudarisov1, Candidate of Agricultural sciences, assistant-professor; M.K. Sadygova2, Doctor of Technical sciences, professor; E.Sh. Minacheva2, post-graduate student;
A.A. Galiullin3, Candidate of Agricultural sciences, assistant-professor
1 Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education «Ulyanovsk State Agrarian University n.a. P.A. Stolypin», Ulyanovsk, Russia, tel. 8(8422) 55-95-47, This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.
2 Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education «Saratov State Agrarian University n.a. N.I. Vavilov», Saratov, Russia, tel. 8 (8452) 23-32-92, This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.
3 Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education «Penza State Agrarian University», Penza, Russia, tel. 8(8412) 628-151
Wheat flour obtained from winter soft wheat grain of the Saratovskaya 17 variety, grown under the conditions of leached, medium-power, low-humus, medium loamy black soil of the Middle Volga region of the Russian Federation (Ulyanovsk Region) in 2017-2018 was studied in the work. According to leading experts in the field of plant nutrition, the presence of sufficient sulphur in cultivated plants is the main factor in obtaining high-quality protein compounds. The effect of early spring fertilizing with ammonium nitrate with the addition of ammonium sulfate in the amount of 5 and 10% was studied. The crude gluten content in 2018 grain flour was lower by 4.5-7.0% compared with the 2017 test variants; therefore, the water-absorbing capacity (WAC) in the 2018 test variants was two to three units lower. The use of sulfur-containing fertilizers in the early spring feeding of winter wheat affected the quality of finished products. When applying sulphur-containing fertilizers in the amount of 10%, high porosity, specific volume of bread, and form stability were obtained, which showed the dependence of these indicators on gluten, viscosity, and amylase indices.
Key words: mixolab, test profile, profiler index, gluten index, sulphur fertilizers.
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DOI: 10.26177/VRF.2020.4.4.010
COMPARTMENT DESCRIPTION OF SHELTERBELT FORESTS ON AGRICULTURAL LANDS
S.V. Bogomazov, Candidate of Agricultural sciences, assistant-professor; O.S. Balakireva, student;
E.V. Efremova, Candidate of Agricultural sciences, assistant-professor; O.A. Tkachuk, Candidate of Agricultural sciences, assistant-professor;
A.V. Lyandenburskaya, senior lecturer; A.A. Levin, assistant
Federal state budgetary educational institution of higher education «Penza State Agrarian University», Russia, tel. (8412) 628546, е-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.
The article provides an analysis of economic use of shelterbelt forests on agricultural lands. The aim of the research was a compartment description of shelterbelt forests on the territory of the Volchkovsky village council of the Belinsky district in order to preserve and restore the stock of reclamative afforestating land. In the laboratory conditions, an up-to-date cartographic material was created on the basis of high-resolution and ultra-high-resolution satellite images, visual interpretation was made with the preparation of a vector polygonal layer of the current location of the shelterbelt forests, the number of decrypted objects, their legal status and total area (199.2 ha) were determined. The calculation of the NDVI index showed that the state, not requiring restoration (updating) measures, had 77 forest strips with a total area of 127.1 hectares; a condition requiring restoration (renewal) measures was relevant for 31 forest strips with an area of 70.4 ha; one forest strip with an area of 1.7 hectares was completely lost. A roadmap for the conservation of the stock of reclamative afforestating land was developed.
Keywords: inventory, shelterbelt forests, agricultural land, geographical information systems
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DOI: 10.26177/VRF.2020.4.4.011
TECHNICAL AND TECHNOLOGICAL APPLICATION OF LIQUID NITROGEN AND NITROGEN-CONTAINING FERTILIZERS ON THE BASIS OF KAS-32 IN SEEDING CEREAL AND GRAIN LEGUME CROPS
V.A. Milyutkin1, Doctor of Engineering Sciences, Professor; A.M. Petrov1, Candidate of Engineering Sciences, Professor;
O.N. Kukharev2, Doctor of Engineering Sciences, Professor; N.G. Dluzhevsky3, process engineer, Deputy Director
1 Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education "Samara State Agrarian University", Russia, tel. 8-927-264-41-88, e-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.
2 Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education Penza State Agrarian University, Russia, tel. 8-927-784-79-11, e-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.
3 Public Joint Stock Company KuibyshevAzot, tel. 8-927-784-79-11, e-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.
The article presents materials from the laboratory and field studies of the Samara State Agrarian University on the effectiveness of liquid mineral nitrogen and new nitrogen-sulfur fertilizers based on KAS-32 compared with solid fertilizers – ammonium nitrate produced by PAO KuibyshevAzot (Tolyatti, Samara oblast) in the cultivation of cereal crops (durum wheat ) and legumes (soybeans) using MINI-TILL technology provided by the agricultural machinery complex AO Evrotehnika (Samara) of the German company AMAZONEN-Werke (Germany). Objective: to determine the effectiveness of nitrogen liquid mineral fertilizers produced by PAO KuibyshevAzot and new nitrogen-sulfur fertilizers in comparison with traditional solid mineral fertilizers – ammonium nitrate – with the determination of the optimal doses, methods and time of application, the necessary technical means for various crops, including cereals and legumes. In the dry year of 2018 (the seventh drought year since 1936), fairly high results were obtained in terms of yield and quality of the products when using KAS-32, KAS-32 with sulfur and RPS (sulfur-containing nutritious solution) in comparison with solid mineral fertilizers (ammonia nitrate) when applied by AO Eurotechnika sprayers equipped with large-droplet sprayers and extension hoses for foliar and nonroot (root) dressing of plants.
Keywords: machinery, technologies, MINI-TILL, fertilizers, liquid, solid, application, dressing, yield, quality, grain crop, grain legumes.
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DOI: 10.26177/VRF.2020.4.4.012
THE ROLE OF BIOPREPARATIONS AND THEIR TANK MIXTURES IN INCREASING DISEASE RESISTANCE AND PRODUCTIVITY OF SOYBEAN
A.T. Farniyev, Doctor of Agricultural sciences; A.Kh. Kozyrev, Doctor of Agricultural sciences;
А.А. Sabanova, Candidate of Agricultural sciences; Kh.P. Kokoyev, Candidate of Agricultural sciences
Federal state budgetary educational institution of higher education «Gorsky (Mountain) State Agrarian University», Vladikavkaz, tel. (8672)53-11-33. Е-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.
Soybean is a valuable bean crop that provides a balanced diet for feeding farm animals, and enriches the soil with biological nitrogen. The most important factor in deciding the production of ecologically clean agricultural products is biological preparations of various origins, used as growth stimulants, as well as preparations that increase resistance to pathogens and adverse environmental factors. In the steppe zone of the Republic of North Ossetia-Alania, the effect of the following biological products was studied: strains 17-1, 38-22, rhizotorfin, Albite on soybean plants of Alba and ES Mentor varieties during seed inoculation and spraying of vegetative plants. A high disease resistance of plants to fusarium, ascochitosis, peronosporosis and anthracnose was revealed upon double treatment with a tank mixture (strains 17-1 + 38-22 + Albite). A hundred-per-cent biological effectiveness of biological preparations against fusarium and anthracnose was determined, high efficiency (94%, 63.7% and 92.5%, 53.8%) against ascochitosis and peronosporosis, respectively, was for Alba and EU Mentor varieties. At the same time, all indicators of the structure of yield and productivity of soybean were improved. Seed productivity increased from 2.42 to 3.40 t/ha for Alba variety and from 2.23 to 3.01 t/ha for ES Mentor variety.
Key words: soybean, biological products, disease resistance, biological effectiveness, yield, crop structure.
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DOI: 10.26177/VRF.2020.4.4.013
CHANGE IN THE AGROPHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF LEACHED CHERNOZEM DEPENDING ON THE APPLICATION OF LOCAL SILICEOUS ROCKS AND FERTILIZERS
N.P. Chekaev, Candidate of Agricultural Sciences, Associate Professor; A.E. Ryabov, graduate student;
T.A. Vlasova, Candidate of Agricultural Sciences, Associate Professor; Yu.V. Koryagin, Candidate of Agricultural Sciences, Associate Professor
Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education Penza State Agrarian University, Russia, tel. 8(8412) 62–83–67, e–mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.
The article presents the results of studies on the influence of siliceous rocks (diatomite) and fertilizers on the agrophysical properties of leached chernozem and crop yields. As shown by the studies conducted in 2015–2017 at the training and production center of the FSBEI HE Penza SAU (Mokshan district, Penza oblast), over the three years of application of diatomite at a rate from 2 to 8 t/ha, the number of water–resistant units in the variants without fertilizers had changed slightly, the difference compared to the initial values ranged from 1.1 to 2.6%. Against the background of the use of manure with the introduction of different doses of diatomite, an increase in the number of water–resistant aggregates was observed compared with the initial value by 13.6% in the variant without diatomite and by 20.9% in the variant with a diatomite at a rate of 8 t/ha. Against the background of the use of mineral fertilizers, the difference was from 1.8 to 4.7%. Improving the structural state and exerting a softening effect on the arable horizon, the use of diatomite and organic fertilizers increases the yield of crops. Doses of diatomite from 2.0 to 8.0 t/ha increased crop yields by 8.9–18.4%. Against the background of the use of manure at a rate of 48 t/ha, the yield of the first crop had increased. Winter wheat yield had increased by 69.8–86.3%. The yield of the second and third crops had increased from 13.7 to 26.5%.
Keywords: siliceous rock, manure, mineral fertilizers, soil aggregate water stability, bulk density, porosity, yield.
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Veterinary and zootechny
DOI: 10.26177/VRF.2020.4.4.014
INFLUENCE OF THE QUALITY AND THE LEVEL OF PROTEIN IN DIETS ON THE GROWTH RATE OF FATTENING BULL-CALVES
D.G. Pogosyan, Doctor of Biological Sciences, professor
Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education «Penza State Agrarian University», Russia, tel. (8412) 62-81-51, e-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.
The article presents and summarizes the results of many years of research on the influence of the quality and the level of protein in diets on the growth rate of bull-calves. The studies found that improving the quality of protein in the diets of fattening bull-calves of dairy breeds at different growth periods due to a decrease in protein disintegration in the rumen by 2.5-6.9% contributed to an increase in the average daily gain in live weight of young animals by 2.5-16.4%.
An increase in the protein level in the diets of intensively fed calves of Holstein and Aberdeen Angus breeds aged from 3 to 12 months by 1.5 times was due to increased feeding of concentrates significantly increased the average daily gain in live weight of young animals by 47 and 30%, respectively.
Key words: bull-calves, compound feed, disintegration of protein in the rumen, diet, concentrates, average daily gain, live weight, growth rate.
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DOI: 10.26177/VRF.2020.4.4.015
CYTOMETRIC INDICATORS OF THE EPITHELIAL LAYER OF THE HEN OVIDUCT IN THE AGE INTERVAL OF 30-120 DAYS
R.Yu. Khokhlov, Doctor of Biological Sciences, assistant-professor; S.I. Kuznetsov, Candidate of Biological Sciences, assistant-professor
Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education «Penza State Agrarian University», Russia, tel. (8412) 628-151, e-mail:This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.
The article is devoted to the study of cytometric parameters of the epithelial layer of the mucous membrane of the oviduct of hens before the start of egg-laying, namely from 30 to 120 days of age. As a result of the analysis of the obtained cytometric indicators, it was found that the thickness of the epithelial layer of the cranial part of the oviduct progressively increases from 30 to 90 days of age. A similar trend is observed in the caudal part of the oviduct a month later, that is, from 60 days of age. Cranial epithelial cells had the largest nuclei at the age of 90 days, and caudal – at the age of 120 days. The sizes of epithelial cells in the cranial region varied from the minimum values at the age of 30 days to the maximum values at the age of 60 days. The minimum area of epithelial cells is noted in the caudal region, as well as in the cranial, at the age of 30 days. However, the maximum area of epithelial cells in the caudal region does not coincide with the cranial region, since the largest epithelial cells in the caudal region are observed at 120 days of age. The minimal ratio of nuclei to the cytoplasm in the cranial part of the oviduct was observed at 60 days of age, and in the caudal – at 90 days of age. The highest nuclear cytoplasmic ratio in the cranial part was recorded at 30 days of age, and in the caudal part – at 30 and 120 days of age.
Key words: hen, oviduct, epithelium, morphogenesis, nuclear cytoplasmic ratio.
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DOI: 10.26177/VRF.2020.4.4.016
IMMUNE STATUS OF OFFSPRING CALVES OF SERVICING BULLS OF FOREIGN BREEDING AND DOMESTIC STUD FARMS
G.I. Boryaev1, Doctor of Biological Sciences, Professor; Yu.S. Goncharuk1, postgraduate student;
E.V. Zdorovyeva1, Candidate of Biological Sciences, Assistant-professor; A.V. Nosov1, Candidate of Economic Sciences, Assistant-professorт;
Yu.N. Fyodorov2, Doctor of Biological Sciences, Professor; Ye.K. Kistanova3, Candidate of Biological Sciences, Assistant-professor
1 Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education «Penza State Agrarian University», Russia, т. 8(8412) 628151, e-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.
2 Federal State Budget Scientific Institution «All-Russian Scientific Research and Technological Institute of Biological Industry», e-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.
3 Institute of Biology and Immunology of Reproduction of Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Bulgaria, e-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.
Pedigree bulls make the contribution of genetic progress to the population, therefore, an assessment of the immunological status of their offspring will add the characteristics of the breeding qualities of bulls and develop ways to increase the congenital immunity of young animals. The results of the studies suggest that the offspring of foreign servicing bulls has a decrease in the humoral link of the immune system compared to the offspring obtained from bulls of domestic stud farms and foreign bulls brought to Russia at eight months of age. The observed decrease was expressed in a reduced level of G-class immunoglobulins by 40%, of M-class – by 5 times and of IgA – by 60%, as well as in a decrease in the number of T-lymphocytes in the blood of calves.
Key words: highly productive animals, servicing bulls, domestic breeding, foreign breeding, calves, immune status
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ENGINEERING SCIENCES
Processes and machines of Agroengineering systems
DOI: 10.26177/VRF.2020.4.4.017
CONTROL OF TECHNICAL CONDITION OF THE AUTOMATIC TRANSMISSION
A.S. Ivanov1, Candidate of Technical sciences, assistant-professor; V.V. Lyandenburskiy2, Candidate of Technical sciences, assistant-professor;
I.I. Fakhrutdinov2, student; P.M. Ekimov2, post-graduate;
V.A. Ivanov1, Candidate of Technical sciences;K.Z. Kukhmazov1, Doctor of Technical Sciences, professor
1 Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education «Penza State Agrarian University», Penza, Russia, tel. 8(8412) 65-82-42 Е-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.
2 Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education «Penza State University of Architecture and Construction», Penza, Russia
The aim of the study was to develop an automatic gearbox troubleshooting algorithm based on performance tests, as existing algorithms do not allow to determine a problem in a car at the lowest cost. Based on the analysis, it was proposed to change the algorithm for diagnosing an automatic transmission of cars. As a result of performance tests using the Consult III+, the measurements of the degree of depressing the accelerator pedal, changes in vehicle speed and engine speed depending on time, changes in the degree of throttle opening and pressure in the high-pressure fuel line to detect a faulty condition of a gearbox were made. The measurement time for each of the indicators was not more than 30 seconds. An automatic gearbox troubleshooting algorithm was developed using an interrogatory part.
Key words: car, diagnosis, automatic gearbox, algorithm.
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DOI: 10.26177/VRF.2020.4.4.018
RESEARCH OF MOBITOX SUPER SEED DRESSING MACHINE, FITTED WITH A TWO DISC DISTRIBUTOR AND A TWO-LEVEL REFLECTIVE DEVICE
A.V. Machnev1, Doctor of Technical Sciences, assistant-professor; O.N. Kukharev2, Doctor of Technical Sciences, professor;
O.Yu. Machneva2, postgraduate;V.A. Machnev2, Doctor of Technical Sciences, professor;
P.N. Horev2, Candidate of Technical Sciences, assistant-professor; A.V. Yashin2, Candidate of Technical Sciences, assistant-professor
1 Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education «Moscow State University of Food Production», Moscow, Russia
2 Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education «Penza State Agrarian University», Russia, tel. (8412) 62-85-79, e-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.
The use of seed dressers improves their field germination, reduces smut diseases and root rot. The experience of the use of dressing agents in grain-sowing farms showed that the self-propelled seed dressers PS-20AM01, Mobitox Super, PSK-15 are most widely used in the Russian Federation. The disadvantages of these machines are expressed in the impossibility of conducting high-quality dressing on sites with an inclination angle of more than 7 degrees and when the machine is operating at a capacity in the range from 60 to 100% of the base. In addition, the increased moisture content of the seeds after dressing (according to the agrotechnical requirements of perfectly rigid body (PRB) – no more than 1%) and the crushing of seeds somewhat reduce the effectiveness of using chamber dressers. The aim of the research was to improve the quality of seed dressing through the use of a two-disk distributing and a two-level reflecting devices. We conducted comparative studies of the Mobitox Super seed dresser, equipped with a two-disk distributor and a two-level seed reflector, with the basic version of Mobitox Super. The studies were carried out in the OOO "Russkoye Polye" of Serdobsky district of the Penza region on the treatment of winter wheat Biryuza seeds with a combined insectofungic seed dresser Select Max with a consumption rate of 1.7 l/t. It was established that in the range from 30 to 150 mm of opening the spade-type dispenser flap of the developed chamber self-propelled seed dresser, the quality of seed dressing significantly increased and its productivity increased to 2.1 t/h in comparison with the commercially available Mobitox Super.
Key words: seed dresser, seeds, distributor, two-level reflecting device, sprayer, spray material, seed crushing, completeness of dressing.
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DOI: 10.26177/VRF.2020.4.4.019
PROVIDING RATIONAL TEMPERATURE REGIME OF A KAMAZ CAR GEARBOX USED IN AGRICULTURE
A.A. Orekhov, Candidate of Technical sciences, assistant-professor; S.V. Tomokhin, Doctor of Technical sciences, professor;
I.A. Spitsyn, Doctor of Technical sciences, professor; K.Z. Kuhmazov, Doctor of Technical sciences, professor
Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education «Penza State Agrarian University», Russia, tel. 8 (8412) 62-85-79, e-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.
The paper discusses the features of operation of cars at low ambient temperatures, as well as existing methods and means of heat treatment of their units. If the issues of thermal preparation and maintaining a rational temperature regime of automobile internal combustion engines are largely resolved, then for the units of their transmissions they require further development. The application of heat accumulators for the thermal preparation of automobile units is analyzed. A method and system for ensuring a rational temperature regime of a KamAZ car gearbox using a phase transition heat accumulator is proposed. The purpose and objectives of research are formulated. The calculation of the volume of heat-accumulating material necessary for heating the gear oil of a KamAZ car gearbox to a rational temperature in winter conditions has been carried out. A hydraulic and functional diagram of the oil temperature control system in a KamAZ car gearbox with a phase-transfer heat accumulator has been developed, the use of which will provide quick access to the rational temperature regime of the car gearbox and its stabilization in both winter and summer seasons and, thereby, reduce wear of parts, mechanical losses in the gearbox, fuel consumption by the car.
Key words: thermal preparation, unit, automobile, transmission, gearbox, ambient temperature, power loss, phase transition heat accumulator, wear rate.
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DOI: 10.26177/VRF.2020.4.4.020
IMPROVING EFFICIENCY OF HARVESTING GRAIN CROPS
I.V. Konoshin, Candidate of Technical Sciences, Assistant-professor; R.A. Bulavintsev, Candidate of Technical Sciences, Assistant-professor;
A.V. Volzhentsev, Candidate of Technical Sciences, Assistant-professor; M.R. Mikhailov, Candidate of Technical Sciences, Assistant-professor;
A.V. Zvekov, senior lecturer
Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education "Oryol State Agrarian University named after N.V. Parakhin", Oryol, Russia, tel. 8-910-306-29-89, This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.,
tel. 8-903-880-00-34, This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.
Harvesting crops, including cereals, is the most responsible and resource-consuming stage of crop production. Therefore, the solution of issues on improving the technology of harvesting grain crops is an urgent topic currently.
The aim of the research presented in the article was to increase the efficiency of the technology of harvesting grain crops by increasing the main (operational) time of work of grain harvesting equipment without a fundamental change in its design and composition.
The result of the research is an analytical, theoretical and practical substantiation of the effectiveness of the use of non-stop unloading of the combine harvester in vehicles in the technology of harvesting grain crops, which will allow, depending on the type and yield of the crop:
– to increase the main operating time TО on average by 14-14.7%;
– to ensure that the areas with an uneven distribution of crushed straw are excluded.
In the future, non-stop unloading of the combine may be recommended for use during operation of driverless combines.
Key words: resource-saving technologies in crop production, grain crops, grain harvesting, combine harvester, grain unloading.
