UDC 631.331
DOI 10.36461/NP.2025.76.4.025

THEORETICAL RESEARCH ON OPERATIONAL RELIABILITY OF A COMBINED OPENER FOR SOWING GRAIN CROPS
N. P. Laryushin, Doctor of Engineering Sciences, Professor¹; N. A. Brykin, Postgraduate¹;
A. N. Kalabushev, Candidate of Engineering Sciences¹;
A. V. Shukov, Candidate of Engineering Sciences, Associate Professor¹;
T. A. Kiryukhina, Candidate of Engineering Sciences, Associate Professor¹
Penza State Agrarian University, Penza, Russia, e-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.

The objective of agricultural producers is to apply efficient methods for cultivating grain crops and increasing yield.
The growth and development of grain crop seeds depend on nutrients, that could provide high yield with seed distributed along the length and depth of the furrow during sowing with fertilizer application, with a soil layer separating seeds at a starter dose from the main fertilizer dose, while minimizing costs.
Grain-growing under conditions of uniform distribution of seeds and fertilizers with an intervening soil layer promotes seed germination and root system growth during the initial period. Field experiments in grain-growing has demonstrated that the best results were achieved when sowing grain seeds with a soil layer of 30…40 mm between seeds at a starter fertilizer dose and the main fertilizer dose applied simultaneously. Scientific research has confirmed that the soil layer with the main fertilizer dose highly influenced on the seeds, with complete utilization of nutrients by the plants.
Currently used combined openers of grain seed drills do not satisfy agronomic requirements for sowing: distribution of seeds along the furrow length and sowing depth, disruption of the required soil layer thickness between the main fertilizer dose and seeds with a starter dose, and clogging of the space between discs with seed tubes and fertilizer conduits. All these factors reduce the quality of grain crops and yields. The application of mineral fertilizers with a combined opener allows sowing of seeds with starter and main fertilizer doses separated by a soil layer.
This article deals with design, operating principle, and theoretical research on the developed combined opener for a seed drill intended for sowing grain crops.
Keywords: combined opener, chisel-type share, fertilizer application, seed tube, soil layer, distribution uniformity, seeds, fertilizers, seed drill, soil.

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