UDC 631.331
DOI 10.36461/NP.2025.76.4.023
COMBINED OPENER SEED DRILL DESIGN FOR SOWING GRAIN CROPS
N. P. Laryushin, Doctor of Engineering Sciences, Professor1; N. A. Brykin, Postgraduate1;
A. N. Kalabushev, Candidate of Engineering Sciences1; D. V. Vanin, Director2;
A. V. Shukov, Candidate of Engineering Sciences, Associate Professor1;
T. A. Kiryukhina, Candidate of Engineering Sciences, Associate Professor1
1Penza State Agrarian University, Penza, Russia, e-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.
2LLC Zavod SelMashDetal, Kamenka, Penza region, Russia, tel. (8412) 628517
The effective methods for grain crops cultivation for increasing maximum yields is a key objective for agricultural producers.
Favorable conditions for seed germination and grain crops cultivation to achieve maximum yields with minimal input costs requires proper nutrition, necessary seed distribution along the length and depth of the furrow during sowing, and the fertilizers application with an intervening soil layer.
The placement of seeds and fertilizers separated by a soil layer promotes seed germination and root system development during the initial growth phase and subsequent vegetative development. The most favorable results within the current research were achieved when grain seeds were sown together with a starter dose of fertilizer while simultaneously applying the main fertilizer dose with a soil layer of 30-40 mm between them. It was noted that the soil layer exerted a beneficial effect of the main fertilizer dose on the seed material with maximum plant nutrition.
Combined openers currently mounted in grain seed drills do not correspond to agronomic requirements. Such openers have several disadvantages: non-compliance with agronomic sowing specifications, insufficient uniformity of seed distribution along the furrow, failure to maintain the required soil layer between the main fertilizer dose and seeds receiving the starter fertilizer dose, and clogging of the space between discs containing the seed tube and fertilizer delivery tube. These factors reduce the quality of grain crop sowing and, consequently, yields. The design of a combined opener capable of sowing seeds and applying the main fertilizer dose with an intervening soil layer represents a relevant scientific and technical approach.
This article deals with the design and operating principle of a combined opener for a seed drill intended for sowing grain crops.
Keywords: combined opener, chisel-type share, fertilizer, seed tube, soil layer, uniformity of seed and fertilizer distribution, seed drill, soil.
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