UDC 633.844.2
DOI 10.36461/NP.2025.74.2.014

PRODUCTIVITY OF WHITE MUSTARD IN THE FOREST-STEPPE OF THE MIDDLE VOLGA REGION AT VARIOUS SEEDING RATES
S.S. Korolev, postgraduate;
V.A. Gushchina, Doctor of Agricultural Sciences, Professor;
A.S. Lykova, Candidate of Agricultural Sciences, Associate Professor
Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education "Penza State Agrarian University"
Penza, Russia, tel. (8412) 628 367, e-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.

White mustard growing expands the range of oilseed crops for agricultural enterprises with the opportunity to reach economic goals. In order to increase the sowing area and productivity of mustard seeds, it is necessary to select the varieties adapted to the natural and climatic conditions of the Middle Volga region forest-steppe zone and to determine their efficient seeding rate. The research was carried out on the meadow-chernozem soils at the experimental plot of Penza State Agrarian University. Three white mustard varieties (Sinapis Alba L.) were examined: Lyutsiya (control), Bella and Omega with seeding rates of 1.0, 1.5, 2.0 (control), 2.5 and 3.0 million viable seeds per hectare. The seed germination rate was determined by the moisturizing degree in the seed layer of the soil, which did not depend on the number of sown seeds and was at the level of 79.0-79.4%. It was highest in the Bella and Lyutsiya varieties. The survival rate of plants varied between 72.9-75.0%., their quantity before harvesting was 118.3-145.4 pcs/m2. This number of plants is formed when sowing seeds of 2.0 and 2.5 million pcs/ha. For the Bella variety, the quantity was 123.0-150.6 pcs/m2, for the Lyutsiya and Omega varieties it decreased to 115.0-143.9 pcs/m2. The Bella variety plants branched more intensively. With an increase in stem density, their branching decreased from 8.3 to 4.9 pcs. With increasing plant density, the weight of 1000 pcs. decreased from 5.93 to 5.02 g. The most productive was the Bella variety with 1.92 t/ha, the Lyutsiya variety was lower only at 0.28 t/ha in comparison. The Omega variety was characterized by low seed productivity (1.36 t/ha). Depending on the seeding rate, the seed yield varied from 1.30 to 1.87 t/ha, and the highest was formed at seeding rates of 2.0-2.5 million.
Keywords: white mustard, variety, seeding rate, weather conditions, seed germination, safety, survival, seed productivity.

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