DOI 10.36461/NP.2024.70.2.014
UDC:631.53.048

INFLUENCE OF PRECEDING CROPS ON THE YIELD OF WINTER WHEAT UNDER THE CONDITIONS OF THE FOOTHILL ZONE OF THE NORTH CAUCASUS
Manukyan I.R., Candidate of Biological Sciences, Leading Research Officer
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Basieva M. A., Candidate of Agricultural Sciences, Research Officer
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North Caucasus Research
Institute of Hill and Foothill Agriculture - Branch of the Federal State Budgetary Institution of Science of the Federal Centre
"Vladikavkaz Scientific Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences" Russia, the Republic of North Ossetia–Alania, Mikhaylovskoye

The main task of agricultural production is to constantly increase soil fertility and crop yields, including further growth in grain production based on the application of scientifically sound cultivation systems. Grain production is the leading branch of agriculture in southern Russia. Here, up to 60 % or more of the arable land is cultivated with cereals, with winter wheat being the main food crop, accounting for one third of the cultivated area. In the republics of the North Caucasus, winter wheat and grain corn predominate among the grain varieties. The most important agricultural techniques at present are the choice of the previous crop and the method of basic tillage, as protection and preservation from undesirable human influences and changes to the natural environment is one of the most urgent problems of our time. Considering that the potential productivity of winter wheat is fully realized when it is cultivated on a good agricultural background with the best preceding crops, our goal is to study and select the preceding crops to achieve maximum grain productivity. The results of the research conducted in 2019-2022 showed that in the conditions of the foothill zone of the North Caucasus, soybeans are the best preceding crop for the winter wheat varieties studied. The average yield of the Deya, Grom and Kuma varieties was 6.4, 6.0 and 4.7 t/ha, respectively, when sown with this soybean preceding crop. When cultivated after corn, this indicator averaged 4.8, 3.5 and 3.3 t/ha for the varieties studied.
Keywords: winter wheat, forecrop, fertility, productivity, humidity, grain weight per ear.

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