AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES
Agronomy
DOI: 10.26177/VRF.2021.10.2.001
FODDER PRODUCTIVITY OF HERBS BASED ON UPRIGHT BROME WITH THE APPLICATION OF GROWTH STIMULATORS WHEN HARVESTING FOR FORAGE
V.G. Vasin, Doctor of Agricultural Sciences, professor;
M.S. Krieger, postgraduate student;
S.A. Vasin, undergraduate
Federal State-Funded Educational Institution of Higher Education Samara State Agrarian University, Ust-Kinelsky, Russia, e-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.; This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.; This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.
The article presents data on the productivity of grass mixtures with smooth and upright brome, as well as with garden burnet when using stimulants Growth Matrix and Gumi-20M. The studied mixtures also included sand sainfoin, bastard alfalfa, and bird's-foot trefoil. The study covers fruiting stage, during which the yield and chemical composition were monitored (the content of protein, fat, fiber, ash and carotene was recorded), as well as an analysis of fodder merits was carried out (such parameters as the collection of digestible protein and metabolic energy were assessed), the proportion of components in mixtures and the nature of shoots at the beginning of the regrowth of grasses in spring.
Four-component grass stands with sand sainfoin and bastard alfalfa showed maximum productivity. The growth of the indicator, as the legume component was added to the mixture, was not always manifested. The best yield indicators, as a rule, were recorded in variants where the crops were treated and in mixtures with the legume component.
Studies have shown that in the herbage, the grass component prevailed over legumes. The smallest proportion of the component was formed by bird's-foot trefoil and garden burnet. The dependence of the percentage of the components on the treatment variant was not revealed.
Keywords: smooth brome, upright brome, garden burnet (Burnet polygamum), sand sainfoin (Onobrýchis arenária), bastard alfalfa (Medicago varia Martyn), bird's-foot trefoil, yield, component fraction, chemical composition, fodder merits, digestible protein, Growth matrix, Gumi-20M.
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DOI: 10.26177/VRF.2021.10.2.002
FOLIAR DRESSING OF CROPS WITH HUMIC FERTILIZERS IN THE EXPERIMENTAL CROP ROTATION
V.S. Plaksina, Senior Research Officer,
A.N. Astashov, Candidate of Agricultural Sciences
FSBSI RosNIISK «Rossorgo», Saratov, Russia, tel. (8452)794969; e-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.
Under the conditions of the right bank of Saratov Oblast, the crop response to the preparation with a high humic acid content, applied in a four-field crop rotation, was studied. The objects of the study were fodder crops of stationary grain-fallow-tilled crop rotation – grain sorghum, Sudan grass, phacelia, Japanese millet. Humic fertilizers had a positive effect on plant growth processes, thereby contributing to the formation of green mass. For the "ripe plant height" parameter, the maximum excess of indicators was noted in Sudan grass, compared to the control option. Concerning the parameter "inflorescence length", in the options treated with Zdoroviy Urozhay, the excess was 20.7% in grain sorghum and 24.7% in Japanese millet. The application of Reasil Forte Carb-N-Humic had a positive effect on the inflorescence length parameter of Japanese millet and grain sorghum, increasing it by 12.0 and 14.9 %, respectively. When using Reasil Forte Carb-N-Humic, the increase in crop biomass was 4.4-9.4%, compared to the control. The application of Zdoroviy Urozhay proved to be much more effective. When using it, biomass yield increased by 7.6-13.8 %. Foliar dressing with Zdoroviy Urozhay had a significant impact on grain yields in all options of the experiment. The increase was 12.5-39.3 %. When using Reasil Forte Carb-N-Humic, the increase was 6.7-11.8 %. In the experiments, the maximum effect was obtained when applying the fertilizer Zdoroviy Urozhay, compared to Reasil Forte Carb-N-Humic. Japanese millet and Sudan grass were the most responsive to foliar dressing. The results of the studies confirm the effectiveness of humic fertilizers in the form of foliar dressing treatments in the cultivation of forage crops.
Keywords: foliar dressing, humic acids, yield, grain sorghum, Sudan grass, phacelia, Japanese millet.
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DOI: 10.26177/VRF.2021.10.2.003
ASSESSMENT OF PHYTOSANITARY CONDITION IN GRAIN LEGUME CROPS CULTIVATION IN THE FOREST-STEPPE ZONE OF THE VOLGA REGION
А.L. Toigildin, Doctor of Agricultural Sciences, assistant-professor;
М.I. Podsevalov, Candidate of Agricultural Sciences, assistant-professor;
I.А. Toigildina, Candidate of Agricultural Sciences, assistant-professor;
D.E. Ayupov, Candidate of Agricultural Sciences, senior lecturer;
R.А. Mustafina, post-graduate student.
Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education "Ulyanovsk State Agrarian University named after P.A. Stolypin", Ulyanovsk, Russia, tel. 8(8422)55-95-75, e-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.
The article presents the data on weed infestation and root rot of legume crops (soybean, pea, lupine, and chickpea). Pea crops were the most competitive against the weed component of agrophytocenoses. Reduction of weed infestation was greatest in the variants with deep tillage – up to 25-27 cm, in comparison with minimal tillage (12-14 cm); thus, the amount of weeds in the soybean crops decreased by 24.4, in the pea crops – 24.0, in lupine – 13.5, and in chickpea – by 16.7 %.
Seed treatment of legume crops with Delit Pro 0,5 l/ha (pyraclastrobin, 200 g/l) + Extrasol 1 l/ha (Bacillus subtilis, Ch-13 strain) reduced the incidence of root rot compared to the control variant, and the biological efficiency of seed treatment was 91,5% (for chickpea) to 96,2% (for pea).
It was found that reduction of weed infestation is a more significant factor affecting the yield of legume crops than the degree of root rot, and optimizing the negative effects of these leads to an increase in productivity to a greater or lesser extent. Yield retention in soybean as a result of adaptive-integrated plant protection was 0.22 t/ha, in pea – 0.27, in lupine – 0.23, and in chickpea – 0.16 t/ha.
Keywords: legume crops, tillage, plant protection, crop yield, weed infestation, root rot.
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DOI: 10.26177/VRF.2021.10.2.004
PRODUCTIVITY RESPONSE OF OKRA (ABELMOSCHUS ESCULENTUS) TO ORGANIC AND INORGANIC NUTRITION AT DIFFERENT SPACING
E.K. Yeboah1;
K.G. Santo2;
D. AFreh-Ntiamoah2;
E. Ackah3
1Berekum Senior High School, Ghana Education Service, Berekum, Bono, Ghana, e-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it. (correspondent author), ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8439-5489;
2Department of Horticulture and Crop Production, University of Energy and Natural Resource, Sunyani, Ghana, e-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it., This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.;
3Department of Crop and Soil Science, College of Agriculture Education, University of Education, Winneba, Ashanti-Mampong, Ghana, e-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it., ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5046-3981
The need to continually update farmers’ knowledge on cropping practices such as crop fertilization for high crop performance due to intensive cultivation prompted a study to evaluate the effects of organic and inorganic fertilizer on the growth, yield and post-harvest quality of okra planted at different spacings. Two experiments were conducted in the 2019 major season from April to June and minor season from August to December at the University of Energy and Natural Resources (UENR), Department of Agriculture Demonstration Farm at Berekum Senior High School in the Berekum Municipality in the Bono Region of Ghana. The experiments were a 2*6 factorial, laid in a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with plant spacing and fertilizer application as the treatment factors with 2 and 6 levels respectively, resulting in 12 treatment combinations. Applied fertilizer treatments were 10 t/ha Poultry manure (PM), 10 t/ha Cattle manure (CM), 220 kg/ha NPK 15-15-15, 5 t/ha CM + 110 kg/ha NPK 15-15-15 and 5 t/ha PM + 110 kg/ha NPK 15-15-15 while plants were being spaced at 60 cm x 35 cm and 50 cm x 42 cm.
Results from the experiments revealed no significant effect of plant spacing on the growth and yield of okra, except number of leaves per plant and fruit girth. Plant spacing at 50 cm x 42 cm mostly enhanced the growth and yield of okra in both seasons. Fertilizer application significantly improved vegetative growth and yield of okra except in the minor season where number of seeds per fruit was not significantly affected. Mineral-organic fertilizer proved superior in increasing growth and yield of okra throughout the study. Combined application of cattle manure and NPK 15-15-15 fertilizer resulted in the highest fresh fruit yield of 863.44 kg/ha and 894.6 kg/ha in the major and minor seasons of 2019, respectively. The study therefore recommends the combination of cattle dung as an organic manure with NPK fertilizer in appropriate levels and wider intra row spacing for okra production.
Keywords: Berekum, Inorganic, Mineral-organic, Okra, Productivity, Spacing.
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DOI: 10.26177/VRF.2021.10.2.005
PECULIARITIES OF FORMATION OF YIELD STRUCTURE ELEMENTS IN WINTER WHEAT VARIETIES AT DIFFERENT LEVELS OF MINERAL NUTRITION
V.V. Koshelyaev, Doctor of Agricultural Sciences, Professor;
I.P. Koshelyaeva, Doctor of Agricultural Sciences, Associate Professor;
N.M. Guryanova, Candidate of Economic Sciences
Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education "Penza State Agrarian University", Penza, Russia, tel. 8(8412) 62-83-73, e-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.
The peculiarities of the formation of yield structure elements in six varieties of winter wheat at different levels of mineral nutrition have been studied. The correlations between the elements of the varieties' yield structure and the grain yield value have been presented. It was found that yield is strongly correlated with such elements of structure as productive tillering, the number of productive stems per m2 and the number of grains in the main ear (r = 0.808876...0.981697). It is shown, that the variety, providing grain yield of 6...7 t/ha, should form the elements of structure of the following parameters: productive tillering – 2,0...2,2; the stem density – 600...650 productive stems per m2; the number of grains in the main ear – 31...33 pieces; the thousand-grain weight – 46...47 g; the weight of a ear grain – 1,15...1,20 g. The purpose of the study was to investigate the role of the main elements of yield structure in the formation of grain yield in the variety profile and under different nutritional conditions in order to justify methods for managing the production process.
Key words: winter wheat, varieties, productivity, grain weight, productive tillering, productivity elements, yield structure.
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DOI: 10.26177/VRF.2021.10.2.006
THE INFLUENCE OF ELEMENTS OF BIOLOGICAL FARMING ON THE WATER PROPERTIES OF MEADOW-CHERNOZEM SOIL
A.N. Arefyev, Doctor of Agricultural Sciences, Assistant-professor;
E.N. Kuzin, Doctor of Agricultural Sciences, Professor;
Е.Е. Kuzina, Candidate of Agricultural Sciences, Assistant-professor
Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education «Penza State Agrarian University», Russia, tel. (8412) 62-83-67, e-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.
The actual direction of modern agrarian science in the conditions of agricultural intensification in the forest-steppe zone of the Middle Volga region is the development and introduction of agrobiological methods preventing anthropogenic degradation in agrolandscapes. In this connection, the aim of the research was to study the effect of manure, legume and cruciferous siderates and their combinations with a stubble biodestructor and a non-productive part of the crop rotation on the water properties of meadow-chernozem leached low-humus medium-powered medium-loam soil. In order to implement the objective, field experiments were conducted in the first agro-soil district of Penza Oblast in the period from 2017 to 2020. The research showed that manure, green manure and their combined use with stubble biodestructor and а non-market part of the crop rotation crops had a definite effect on the change of water properties of the meadow-chernozem soil. It was established that the influence of green manure on the water properties of the meadow-chernozem soil was at the level of the fertilized fallow. The most significant change in the water properties of the meadow-chernozem soil was provided by manure and leguminous green manure in combination with a stubble biodestructor and a non-market part of the crop rotation yield. The value of the lowest moisture capacity on their background increased by 1.3-1.4 %. The reserve of productive moisture in the arable layer at the beginning of winter wheat vegetation in 2018 ranged from 39.7 to 40.7 mm, before sowing corn in 2019 – from 19.7 to 19.9 mm, before sowing annual grasses in 2020 – from 32.4 to 32.9 mm.
Keywords: meadow-chernozem soil, manure, green manure, stubble biodestructor, non-market part of the crop, lowest moisture capacity, moisture, water supply.
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DOI: 10.26177/VRF.2021.10.2.007
PHYTOSANITARY MONITORING OF SEEDS OF THE MAIN GRAIN CROPS
V.I. Gryazeva, Candidate of Agricultural sciences;
О.М. Kasynkina, Candidate of Agricultural sciences
Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education "Penza State Agrarian University", Penza, Russia, tel. (8412)628373, e-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it., This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.
The main prerequisite for the integrated plant protection is phytosanitary monitoring and pest prediction, which should be a system of collection, accumulation, analysis and use of phytosanitary information for the purpose of targeted and optimal implementation of plant protection measures. Under the conditions of Penza region the quality of seed material and condition of seed crops of major grain crops has been studied using modern methods of phytosanitary monitoring. It was found that the dominant pests on the crops of cereal crops are bread flea (Phyllotreta Vittula Redt.), wheat thrips (Haplothrips tritici), scarab beetle (Anisoplia austriaca beetle), various types of aphids. Among diseases there are powdery mildew, Septoria, rust, spot disease. Fields are dominated by weeds of canada thistle and chamomile, pansies, bindweed and field thistle. On average over the two years, 62160 ha have been treated with herbicides, 48900.5 ha with insecticides and 43544 ha with fungicides. The pesticide load was mainly in June and July. An average of 9,425 tonnes of spring grain crop seeds were sown in the Penza district farms in two years. Of these, 6,711.36 tonnes were treated against diseases and pests. 2866,2 tons were treated with fungicides, 441,5 tons – with insecticides, 4362,66 tons – with insectofungicides. The pesticide load (per physically treated area) was 0.76 kg/ha in these years. This is an optimum value. A load of up to 1 kg/ha is considered safe.
Keywords: phytosanitary monitoring, seed crops, seeds, pests, diseases, weeds, pesticide load.
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DOI: 10.26177/VRF.2021.10.2.008
INFLUENCE OF GROWTH REGULATORS ON THE QUALITY OF SAFFLOWER SEEDS IN THE CONDITIONS OF THE MIDDLE VOLGA
O.A. Timoshkin1;
T.Ya. Prakhova1;
V.G. Druzhinin2
1Federal State-Funded Scientific Institution Federal Scientific Center of Fibre Crops, Lunino, Russia, tel. +79534479608, e-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.;
2Federal State-Funded Educational Institution of Higher Education Penza State Agrarian University, Penza, Russia, tel. (8412) 62-83-67, e-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.
The aim of the research was to assess the sowing qualities and yielding properties of safflower seeds, depending on the use of growth regulators. The research was carried out in 2018-2020 on the experimental field of the Federal State-Funded Scientific Institution Federal Scientific Center of Fibre Crops, a separate subdivision of the Penza Research Institute of Agriculture. The object of research was safflower seeds treated with growth regulators Albite (0.5 l/t), Humate+7 (1.0 l/t), Humate K/Na (1.0 l/t) and Zircon (1.0 l/T). All seeds treated with growth stimulants had strong seedlings, the length of which reached 0.99-1.18 cm, which was 0.07-0.26 cm higher than in the control. Zircon growth regulator promoted an increase in seedling length by 0.26 cm (28.3%) and seedling weight by 1.4 g (25.3%) compared to the control. The maximum seedling weight gain was observed when using Humate K/Na, and amounted to 2.62 g (+47.3% to control). High germinating power was noted in the variant with Zircon application – 78.3%, germination rate – 79.9%. Application of Humate K/Na increased laboratory seed germination up to 81.5%. Weight of 1000 seeds ranged from 39.84 g (when treated with Albite) to 40.95 g (when treated with Humate+7). The highest rate of seed uniformity was noted in variants with Zircon and Humate+7, and amounted to 89.9 and 87.6%. The use of growth regulators reduced seed husk content to 42.7-44.1%, with 46.6% in the control variant. On average, over three years, a higher yield of safflower seeds was noted in variants with Zircon and Humate K/Na growth stimulants, the productivity of which was 1.40-1.54 t/ha and 1.39-1.51 t/ha.
Keywords: safflower, seeds, sowing quality, germinating power, laboratory germination capacity, weight of 1000 seeds, productivity.
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DOI: 10.26177/VRF.2021.10.2.009
SYMBIOTIC ACTIVITY IN DIFFERENT VARIETIES OF PEA
V.V. Koshelyaev, Doctor of Agricultural Sciences, Professor;
I.P. Koshelyaeva, Doctor of Agricultural Sciences, Associate Professor
Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education "Penza State Agrarian University", Penza, Russia, tel. 8(8412) 62-83-73, e-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.
A feature of pea plant nutrition is its unique ability to form a nitrogen-fixing symbiosis with nodule bacteria. The symbiosis effectiveness depends on many factors, including the genotypic characteristics of the varieties. The study of the symbiotic activity of different varieties is therefore an important task related to increasing yields. There were two purposes of the study. The first was to examine the peculiarities of symbiotic apparatus formation in pea varieties, and the second was to determine the forms with more active symbiosis. The object of research were varieties of pea: Faraon, Flagman 12, Roket, ESO. It was found that there was no significant difference regarding the number of root nodules during the stem extension stage, flowering and flatpod formation. More intense differences in the number of nodules are noted between the phases. Therefore, the number of them depends to a large extent on the conditions during the plant's vegetation period. At the same time, it was found that varietal differences in symbiotic activity were evident in such indicators as mass and duration of active nodule functioning (ASP), degree of air nitrogen fixation and nitrogen fixation coefficient. As a result, the Roket and ESO varieties were found to have more dynamic symbiotic activity. Consequently, the production process efficiency, expressed by dry matter mass, was higher in the Roket and ESO varieties than in the Faraon and Flagman 12 varieties.
Keywords: peas, variety, active nodules, symbiotic potential, symbiosis activity, air nitrogen.
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DOI: 10.26177/VRF.2021.10.2.010
POTENTILLA ALBA L. – VALUABLE MEDICINAL RAW MATERIAL
I.I. Meshkov, Candidate of Agricultural Sciences;
V.E. Torikov, Doctor of Agricultural Sciences;
A.I. Meshkov, Applicant
Federal State Budget Educational Institution of Higher Education «Bryansk State Agrarian University», Bryansk Oblast, Vygonichsky District, Kokino selo, Russia, e-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.
White cinquefoil (Potentilla alba L.) is a valuable medicinal raw material. It is a perennial herbaceous plant that grows 8-25 cm in height and has a thick, long (up to 50 cm or more), low-branched, black-brown rhizome, which is light on the cut. It has shortened perennial vegetative and annual generative shoots that form a root rosette. As a result of the research, microdiagnostic signs of white cinquefoil raw materials were established: a crystal-bearing lining with calcium oxalate druses, the stomata of the anamocyte type, hairs of three types; a rounded petiole with a beam type structure; numerous calcium oxalate druses in phloem cells and core rays. Merchandising indicators of herb quality and underground organs were determined: humidity – 12.5 and 5.8%, total ash – 8.4 and 3.7%, insoluble ash in 10% solution of HCL – 4.1 and 0.5%, extractive substances – 43.7 and 34.2%, respectively. The presence of flavonoids, tannins, coumarins, saponins and essential oil in the raw material was proved by qualitative tests, thin-layer chromatography and HPLC. The quantitative content of the main groups of biologically active substances in the herb and underground organs of white cinquefoil was found: by permanganometry – flavonoids 2.44±0.08 and 0.09 ± 0.01%, tannins 5.18± 0.24 and 26.63± 0.96%; by complexometric titration method – 3.57±0.28 and 16.18±0.14%, saponins 0.011±0.002 and 0.038±0.004%, essential oil 0.057% in the herb, respectively. In chemical terms, the plant is poorly studied. Of particular interest is the study of such BAS groups as polyphenol compounds and saponins. Data on the quantitative composition of tannins, flavonoids and saponins differ greatly from different authors or are not available at all. In traditional medicine, the raw materials of the plant are widely used for the treatment of various diseases. Of special interest is the use of white cinquefoil to correct the hormonal state of the thyroid gland. White cinquefoil is quite widespread on the territory of the central chernozem region of Russia, but measures to preserve its raw materials and introduce the plant into culture are highly required.
Keywords: anatomical signs of medicinal raw materials, microdiagnostic signs of raw materials, merchandising indicators of herb quality, biologically active substances in herb, medicinal value.
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DOI: 10.26177/VRF.2021.10.2.011
METHODS FOR INCREASING THE PRODUCTIVITY OF THE WHITE SWEET CLOVER
O.A. Timoshkin1, Doctor of Agricultural Sciences;
O.Yu. Timoshkina1, Candidate of Agricultural Sciences;
R.V. Veldin2, Postgraduate
1Federal State Budget Research Institution «Federal Research Center for Bast Fiber Crops», Tver, Russia, e-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.;
2Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education "Penza State Agrarian University", Penza, Russia.
Research on the methods of increasing the productivity of a new variety of the white sweet clover, called Almaz, was carried out in 2017-2020 at the experimental field of a separate subdivision of the Federal Center for Bast Fiber Crops in Penza. The application of micro- and biofertilizers (Megamix Profi, GUMI 20, AgroVerm) in pre-sowing seed treatment and foliar fertilizing was studied. The application of mineral fertilizers Р60К60 on formation of the white sweet clover agrocenosis in the year of sowing, nutritive value and productivity in the year of use were also studied. As a result of studies it was found that under the conditions of arid and hyperarid periods of the melilot vegetation in 2017-2020 the studied preparations had a positive effect on the formation of agrocenosis and indicators of plant development by the end of the growing season of the first year of plant life. Thus, the germination and safety of plants, as well as increased values of plant height, number of wintering buds, weight and root volume, respectively. The effect of seed treatment and foliar fertilizing with bio- and microfertilizers was evident in the year of use by an increase in dry matter yield by 4.7-11.1%; the use of mineral fertilizers provided an additional 10.5 % of dry matter yield. The seed treatment was more effective than foliar fertilization, with a 3.8 % higher dry matter yield. An improvement in the nutritive value of the green mass of the sweet clover was noted – the crude protein content increased by 0.3-0.8 %, the crude fiber content decreased by 0.3-0.7 %. The content of exchange energy, feed units in one kg of dry matter and digestible protein in one feed unit varied slightly in the options.
Keywords: white sweet clover, elements of technology, micro- and biofertilizers, productivity.
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Veterinary and zootechny
DOI: 10.26177/VRF.2021.10.2.012
THE USE OF HEAT-TREATED LUPINE IN THE DIETS OF LAYING HENS AT THE "AVANGARD" POULTRY FARM
Y.N. Prytkov, Doctor of Agricultural sciences, professor;
B.V. Ageev, post-graduate student;
Е.V. Bochkaryova, post-graduate student;
K.V. Kiselyova, post-graduate student
Agrarian Institute of the Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education
"National Research Mordovian State University named after N.P. Ogarev", Saransk, Russia, tel.(8342) 25-41-04, е-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.
In the diets of laying hens, readily available protein is an important component. As the poultry industry grows, so does the need for good quality feed. The problem of finding quality and cheap protein components increases every year. First of all, this happens when the cost of raw materials increases significantly with stable nutritional values; low yields also affect the increase in prices. Each day, many agricultural enterprises monitor the feed market in order to find the most appropriate ingredients for the production of quality feed. This paper examines the effect of feeding a white variety of lupine thermally treated on the performance of laying hens. To study the effect of lupine on the diet of laying hens, a scientific and economic experiment was carried out, two groups of poultry being selected. The control group received a basic diet without lupine and the experimental group received a diet with heat-treated lupine.
Keywords: laying hens, lupine, feed protein, animal survivability, egg production, feed conversion, poultry farming.
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DOI: 10.26177/VRF.2021.10.2.013
THE INFLUENCE OF AN ENTOMOLOGICAL FEED ADDITIVE ON BIOCHEMICAL AND PERFORMANCE PARAMETERS OF FARM POULTRY
G.V. Ilyina, Doctor of Biological sciences, professor;
D.Y. Ilyin, Candidate of Biological sciences, assistant-professor;
L.L. Oshkina, Candidate of Agricultural sciences, assistant-professor;
S.А. Sashenkova, Candidate of Biological sciences, assistant-professor;
А.V. Ostapchuk, Candidate of Biological sciences, assistant-professor
Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education «Penza State Agrarian University», Penza, Russia, e-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.
The article contains information on the results of an experiment on the introduction of an entomological feed additive into the diet of "Cobb-500" cross broilers. The milling of dry material of black soldier fly larvae (Hermetia illucens) was studied as a supplement. The biochemical profile of the investigated additive was preliminarily studied. The researches, used as a basis of the work, were aimed at studying the productivity indexes (average daily gain) and a number of biochemical blood indexes (total protein, albumin fraction, cholesterol of different fractions) of fattening poultry. A traditional diet based on mixed fodder was used as a control. The results of the research indicate the stimulation of anabolic processes in the poultry organism due to the use of the feed additive. An average daily gain increased by 11.5-13.2% over the control; the content of total blood protein increased by 6.8-9.2% due to the albumin fraction. The content of triglycerides in the blood increased more significantly (by 16.3-20.4% compared to the control). An increase in serum cholesterol content was also observed, and the growth of this index due to high-density lipoprotein fraction (HDL) should be regarded as a positive moment. The fact of excessive accumulation of abdominal fat in the experimental group (by 8.0-11.5% relatively to the control) should be regarded as negative against the background of stable weight gain. In this regard, it is promising to conduct similar studies with a supplement that has undergone entomological fat extraction.
Keywords: poultry production, feed additives, entomological protein, black soldier fly, farm poultry physiology.
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DOI: 10.26177/VRF.2021.10.2.014
GROWING STEERS WITH RYE-CONTAINING MIXED FODDERS
А.Y. Lavrentiev1, professor;
V.S. Sherne2, Candidate of Agricultural sciences, assistant-professor
1Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education «Chuvash State Agrarian University», Cheboksary, Russia, tel. 89278646863, e-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.;
2ООО «Naturalnye Produkty Povolzhya» (LLC), Cheboksary, Russia, tel. 89278472390
Concentrated feed plays an important role in balancing ruminant diets in terms of energy, protein, minerals and biologically active substances. Cereal grains are an indispensable component of feed concentrates for farm animals. Rye occupies a special place among cereal crops as components of mixed fodders. Despite the fact that rye is a very common cereal crop in the Non-Black Earth zone of the Russian Federation, it has not yet found wide application in the compound feed industry.
Rye not suitable for food purposes can be used for the production of mixed fodder, but it is quite suitable for feeding farm animals. To prove scientifically the norms of rye introduction into the composition of mixed fodders in order to expand the possibility of its use in feeding growing steers is of current interest today. For carrying out the experiment four groups of growing steers have been formed and four recipes of mixed fodder-concentrates with various rates of rye introduction (0, 20, 30, 40 %) have been developed. The fulfilled researches show that mixed fodders prepared in accordance with the developed recipes allow balancing rations of young cattle grown for meat in accordance with detailed norms of feeding of agricultural animals with a comparatively low specific weight of concentrated fodders. Inclusion of rye in the composition of mixed fodders from 20 to 40% does not reduce the balance of the diet of animals of experimental groups as compared with the control. The gross and average daily gain of live weight did not differ significantly between the steers of the first three groups. The animals from the fourth group fed with a mixed fodder containing 40% rye yielded to the control animals by 5.6 kg of gross weight gain and by 43 g or 4.9% on the average daily gain. At the same time, 5.87-6.03 EFU were used per 1 kg of live weight gain.
Keywords: young animals, growing, rye, mixed fodder, ration, gain, feed consumption, nutrients, ration structure.
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ENGINEERING SCIENCES
Processes and machines of Agroengineering systems
DOI: 10.26177/VRF.2021.10.2.015
BENCH TESTS OF THE MODERNIZED TRACTOR DIESEL
V.A. Ovtov, Candidate of Engineering Sciences, Associate Professor;
A.A. Orekhov, Candidate of Engineering Sciences, Associate Professor;
A.V. Polikanov, Candidate of Engineering Sciences, Associate Professor;
Yu.V. Polyvyany, Candidate of Engineering Sciences, Associate Professor;
E.P. Shitov, student
Federal State-Funded Educational Institution of Higher Education Penza State Agrarian University, Penza, Russia, tel.: 89093192710, е-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.
The car and tractor diesel engines are used in various natural and climatic zones of the country, where the ambient temperature varies in a wide range. The effective performance of a diesel engine largely depends on the performance properties of fuel and lubricants exposed to ambient temperatures. The purpose of this work is to study and substantiate the temperature of the fuel in the filling cavity of the high-pressure fuel pump, which ensures the optimal technical and economic performance of the diesel engine. The purpose of the work was achieved by analyzing scientific publications in domestic and foreign peer-reviewed journals, by conducting bench tests of the fuel pump and brake tests of a diesel engine under conditions of a forced change in fuel temperature. Using the method of planning a multifactorial experiment, the optimal temperature range of diesel fuel was determined, which provides the effective performance of a tractor diesel engine. The studies made it possible to determine the optimal technical and economic indicators of a tractor diesel engine.
Keywords: diesel, diesel fuel, torque, effective power, temperature, pressure.
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DOI: 10.26177/VRF.2021.10.2.016
THEORETICAL JUSTIFICATION OF THE DESIGN- TECHNOLOGICAL SCHEME OF THE MODERNIZED THERMAL VACUUM EXTRUDER
A.A. Kurochkin1, Doctor of Engineering Sciences, Professor;
V.M. Zimnyakov2, Doctor of Economic Sciences, Professor
1Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education “Penza State Technological University", Penza, Russia, tel. +7 (8412) 49-56-99, e-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.;
2Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education "Penza State Agrarian University", Penza, Russia, tel. +7 (8412) 628-359, e-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.
The article presents the results of theoretical studies on the justification of rational technical parameters of a single-screw thermal vacuum extruder. The chambers of preliminary and final drying of the extrudate were the object of the study. On the basis of modern views on the nature of the interaction of water steam and air flows in a limited volume of vacuum chambers of the extruder, the article proves one of the possible ways to increase the efficiency of the finished product dehydration. In order to simplify the design and increase the intensity of extrudate dehydration, the upgraded thermal vacuum extruder is proposed to be equipped with preliminary and final dehydration chambers with a uniform vacuum system. The conducted research has obtained equations that can be useful to determine the mass airflow rate introduced into the vacuum chambers of the machine. Its influence on the main design and technological parameters of the system also can be determined. It is the system that provides the thermal vacuum effect of the extrusion process. The analytical expressions presented in the article are the basis for calculating the area of cross-sections of the vacuum pipes connecting the preliminary and final dehydration chambers of the extruder with its vacuum system. The results obtained, along with the parameters received experimentally, make it possible to confirm its basic design and technological parameters with sufficient accuracy for the accepted values of the modernized extruder.
Keywords: thermoplastic extrusion, extrudate, thermal vacuum effect, vacuum chamber.
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DOI: 10.26177/VRF.2021.10.2.017
STUDY RESULTS OF SEED DRESSING UNIT
O.N. Kukharev, Doctor of engineering sciences, professor;
I.N. Semov, Candidate of engineering sciences, associate professor;
K.S. Kondratyeva, postgraduate student
Federal State Funded Educational Institution of Higher Education Penza State Agrarian University, Penza, Russia, e-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.
The materials of the article are devoted to an urgent problem which is reducing the loss of seed germination during storage in granaries. Seed dressing is the primary stage in the formation of the optimal phytopathological state of crops, which determines the further development of diseases. The equipment used by complanies for seed dressing does not always meet modern agrotechnical requirements, therefore, it is necessary to conduct research to increase the quality of seed dressing with the proposed unit, substantiating its design and technological parameters. During the implementation of the work, experimental methods were used, such as modeling, observation, experiment. As a result, a process flow diagram and a design of a unit for a grain flow disinfecting during storage were obtained and the optimal parameters of the proposed device were determined.
Keywords: seed dressing, disinfection, continuous flow.
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DOI: 10.26177/VRF.2021.10.2.018
ASSESSMENT OF THE IMPACT OF THE GROUP COMPOSITION OF DIESEL FUELS ON THE EFFICIENT PERFORMANCE OF AUTOMOTIVE DIESEL ENGINES
D.А. Ukhanov1, Doctor of Technical sciences, professor;
М.D. Prokoptsova1, junior research associate;
I.F. Adgamov1, Candidate of Technical sciences;
А.P. Ukhanov2, Doctor of Technical sciences, professor
1Federal Autonomous Institution "25 State Research Institute of Chemistry of the Ministry of Defence of the Russian Federation", Moscow, Russia;
2Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education «Penza State Agrarian University», Penza, Russia, e-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.
The group composition of diesel oil (DO) predetermines the basic physical, chemical and calorific properties of fuel, which have a significant impact on the processes of evaporation, ignition and combustion of fuel in the diesel engine and, consequently, on its performance and fuel economy indicators. The group composition of diesel oil of various grades is characterized by a certain content in it of various hydrocarbon components and chemical compounds. One of the effective methods of researching the group composition of diesel oil is chromatography-mass spectrometry.
Chromatographic separation of summer and winter diesel fuel into hydrocarbon components and chemical compounds, as well as their mass-spectrometric analysis were carried out on a chromato-mass-spectrometer of the Chromatec company. The obtained mass-spectra of hydrocarbon components and chemical compounds made it possible to determine the group composition of diesel fuel brands DT-L-K5 and DT-Z-K5.
The results of test-bench runs of an automobile diesel engine D-245.12C show that the engine produces the maximum effective power when running on summer diesel and less power when running on winter diesel. Fuel efficiency indicators (hourly and specific effective fuel consumption) of the diesel engine at its operation on winter diesel oil is better in comparison to the operation on summer diesel oil. The highest values of effective efficiency are observed when the diesel is operated on winter diesel oil.
Keywords: diesel oil, chromatography-mass spectrometry, group composition, diesel, efficient indicators.
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DOI: 10.26177/VRF.2021.10.2.019
CONSTRUCTION OF GRAIN SEEDER COULTER WITH A HINGE JOINT OF A SEED GUIDE AND A SOIL CULTIVATOR WITH THE COULTER BODY
N.P. Laryushin, Doctor of Engineering Sciences, Professor;
I.Yu. Kukushkin, postgraduate student;
A.V. Shukov, Candidate of Engineering Sciences, Associate Professor;
T.A. Kiryukhina, Candidate of engineering sciences, associate professor
Federal State-Funded Educational Institution of Higher Education Penza State Agrarian University, Penza, Russia, tel. (8412) 628 517, E-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.
The even distribution of seeds along the length and depth of the row mostly depends on the coulter, since it is one of the most responsible working parts of the seeder for sowing agricultural seeds.
The disadvantages of the available coulters include the adhesion of soil to the discs, which leads to poor compaction of the bottom of the furrow and shifting of seeds along the furrow, while the even distribution of seeds along the depth and the length of the furrow is disturbed. Moreover, modern coulters have mainly open type seed guides, which leads to the drop of seeds not to the bottom of the furrow, but to its walls, while the even distribution of seeds along the depth and along the length of the furrow is disturbed. All these disadvantages lead to a decrease in crop yields. The conducted studies aimed at improving the quality of sowing grain crops by improving the technological process of the coulters of a grain seeder with a hinge joint of the seed guide and the soil cultivator with the coulter body are relevant and have high economic and economic importance for the agro-industrial complex of the Russian Federation.
The article presents the device and principle of operation of the designed grain seeder coulter with a hinge joint of the seed guide and soil cultivator with the coulter body. When the coulter operates, the seeds are embedded not only due to the crumbling soil from the walls of the furrow caused by the coulter disks, but a complete and even filling of the furrow with seeds is carried out without displacement along with the soil, and also provides a more even distribution of seeds along the length and the depth of the furrow.
Key words: discs, coulter, seed guide, seeds, rectangular tube.
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DOI: 10.26177/VRF.2021.10.2.020
THE RESULTS OF THEORETICAL STUDIES ON DETERMINING THE RADIAL DEFLECTION OF THE WORKING PART OF THE TEAT TUBE OF THE MILKING MACHINE
А.V. Yashin, Candidate of Technical sciences, assistant-professor;
А.V. Ovtov, Candidate of Technical sciences, assistant-professor;
P.А. Sumenkov, post-graduate student
Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education "Penza State Agrarian University", Penza, Russia, tel. +79273907570, e-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.
One of the objectives of dairy farming is to further increase the rate of milk production by increasing the milk productivity of cows. The most important reserve for increasing milk productivity is the use of milking equipment that best suits animal physiology, as well as its proper selection and operation. The analysis of existing milking device designs allowed to draw a conclusion that one of their main drawbacks is an extremely hard influence on udder receptors and consequently inhibition of milking reflex, which results in the decrease of milking intensity of a cow and in the decrease of milk yield. It is established that the most responsible element of the milking machine is milking cups equipped with teat tubes, which directly contact with an animal and are the actuating mechanisms. The research of deflection of symmetrical working part of a teat tube is based on the known principles of liquid (gas) and solid mechanics, theory of elasticity and resistance of materials, as well as of mathematical analysis. The equation of the maximum radial deflection of the working part of teat tube of the milking machine which allows to determine the interrelation of the deformation with mechanical characteristics of a used material, the basic constructive and dynamic parameters is derived. Besides, the given equation allows to determine the minimum necessary height of the working part of the teat tube with the minimum allowable thickness for creation of the wave effect of extrusion from sucker to diverter in a squeezing stroke while designing the milking machine with the squeezing effect.
Keywords: teat tube, working part, radial deflection, tension.
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